Gina Injin Hydraulic na Servo da na Al'ada na Allurar Hydraulic: Kwatancen Kudin Shekara 5

Dalilin da yasa Injin Mai Rahusa Zai Iya Farashi Mai Yawa

Wani manajan masana'antar ƙera injina a Dongguan ya maye gurbin injin ƙera injina na gargajiya mai shekaru tan 250 da sabuwar na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita iri ɗaya. Farashin injinan ƙera injina na maye gurbin ya yi ƙasa da rabin injin servo-hydraulic daidai gwargwado. Bayan watanni goma sha takwas, kuɗin wutar lantarki na injinan da ke kan benen ƙera injina ya fi kashi 6% fiye da na shekarar da ta gabata - injinan ƙera injina na gargajiya yana cin wutar lantarki fiye da tsohon da ya maye gurbinsa. A ƙarshen shekara ta uku, jimillar kuɗin wutar lantarki na injinan ƙera injina na gargajiya ya wuce farashin injin servo daidai gwargwado, kafin a ƙara yawan hayaniya, buƙatar sanyaya, da kuma lokacin canjin mai. Daga ƙarshe injinan sun sake gyara tsarin servo zuwa injinan ƙera injina na yanzu maimakon maye gurbinsa - kuma sun ga yawan amfani da makamashi ya ragu da rabi a cikin cikakken watan farko.

Zaɓin tsakanin servo-hydraulic da na al'ada na hydraulic injection struction ba shawara ce mai sauƙi ba "sabo ne mafi kyau". Lissafi ne na jimillar kuɗin mallakar injin na shekaru 5 wanda ya dogara da tan na injin, yanayin zagayowar, lokutan aiki, da kuma kuɗin wutar lantarki na gida. Wannan labarin ya yi cikakken bayani game da wannan lissafin - yadda gibin makamashi yake a zahiri, yadda gibin kulawa yake, inda injin na al'ada har yanzu yake samun ƙimarsa, da kuma yadda ake haɗa lambobi don takamaiman shigarwa.

Yadda Na'urar Matse Ruwa ta Al'ada ke Amfani da Wutar Lantarki

Injin gyaran famfo mai gyarawa na gargajiya yana gudanar da injin lantarki a saurin da ba ya canzawa, yawanci ana haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa ga maɓuɓɓugan wutar lantarki ba tare da tuƙin mita mai canzawa ba. Injin yana tuƙa famfon hydraulic mai gyarawa - yawanci famfon vane ko famfon piston na axial - wanda ke isar da kwararar ruwa mai hydraulic akai-akai a matsin lamba daidai da nauyin. Bawuloli masu sarrafawa na alkibla na injin, bawuloli masu daidaitawa, da bawuloli masu servo suna daidaita kwarara da matsin lamba don daidaita ma'aunin rufewa, allura, riƙewa, plasticization, da kuma buɗe matakan zagayowar.

Motar tana aiki da cikakken gudu a duk tsawon zagayowar, koda kuwa buƙatar hydraulic ɗin ta yi ƙasa. A lokacin riƙewa - lokacin da ɓangaren ke buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin gudu na kololuwa don kula da matsin lamba na rami - ana wucewa da yawan kwararar ta hanyar bawul ɗin taimako zuwa tankin, yana watsar da kuzarin a matsayin zafi. A lokacin sanyaya - lokacin da ba a buƙatar kwararar hydraulic kwata-kwata sai dai ƙaramin adadin tankin manne - famfon yana ci gaba da juyawa da cikakken gudu, har yanzu yana jan cikakken ƙarfi, kuma bawul ɗin da ke wucewa yana zubar da yawan kwararar. Wannan shine rashin ingancin tsarin famfon da aka gyara: injin da famfon suna aiki a wuri ɗaya na aiki, kuma duk wani rashin daidaito tsakanin wannan wurin da ainihin buƙatar hydraulic yana ɓacewa azaman zafi.

Zafin da kansa ba shi da kyauta. Dole ne a sanyaya man hydraulic don kiyaye danko da kuma hana iskar shaka, wanda ke nufin wani mai sanyaya mai daban (mai sanyaya ruwa ko mai sanyaya iska) yana aiki akai-akai, yana jawo ƙarin ƙarfi. Bukatar sanyaya kan injin matsewa na gargajiya mai nauyin tan 250 a cikin yanayin zafi na 30 °C yana da yawa - yawanci yana cikin kewayon kashi 15-25% na shigarwar wutar lantarki na injin akan aikin sau uku.

Yadda Tsarin Servo-Hydraulic Ke Amfani da Wutar Lantarki

Tsarin servo-hydraulic yana maye gurbin motar mai saurin canzawa da motar servo mai saurin canzawa - yawanci motar synchronous magnet synchronous (PMSM) - wacce drive mai saurin canzawa (VFD) ke jagoranta. Driver ɗin servo yana sarrafa saurin motar don daidaita buƙatun hydraulic a ainihin lokacin. Lokacin da zagayowar ke cikin matakin kwarara mai yawa (rufe mold, allura, plasticization), motar tana tashi zuwa babban gudu. Lokacin da zagayowar ke cikin matakin kwarara mai sauƙi (riƙewa, sanyaya), motar tana tashi zuwa ƙaramin gudu wanda kawai ya cika ainihin buƙatar hydraulic. Lokacin da zagayowar ta tsaya (babu motsi), motar na iya tsayawa gaba ɗaya ko gudu a kusan sifili.

Sakamakon haka shi ne cewa injin servo-hydraulic yana ɗaukar ƙarfin da yake buƙata kawai a kowane mataki na zagayowar. Injin ba ya aiki da sauri akai-akai, famfon ba ya wuce yawan kwararar ruwa, kuma raguwar zafi da ke bayyana rashin ingancin latsawa na al'ada an kawar da shi gaba ɗaya.Bosch Rexroth, Yuken, da sauran masana'antun tsarin hydraulic suna buga bayanan aikace-aikace tare da kwatancen amfani da makamashin servo da famfo mai ɗorewa; matsakaicin kewayon da ke cikin bayanan da aka buga shine rage kuzari 40-80% akan sassan da ke da matakan riƙewa da sanyaya mai mahimmanci, da kuma raguwa 20-40% akan sassan da ke da matakan riƙewa da sanyaya gajeru.

Rangwamen ba iri ɗaya ba ne a duk tsawon zagayen. Mafi girman tanadi yana kan lokacin sanyaya (mafi tsayin lokacin ƙarancin buƙata a yawancin zagaye), na biyu mafi girma a lokacin riƙewa, kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a lokacin allura (inda ake buƙatar kwararar kololuwa kuma tsarin servo shima yana aiki a lokacin kololuwa). A kan injin matsewa mai nauyin tan 250, wani sashi na ABS mai nauyin 200 g tare da zagayowar daƙiƙa 25, lokacin sanyaya shine kusan kashi 50% na zagayowar, matakin riƙewa shine kashi 15%, matakin allura da plasticization shine kashi 25%, da kuma matakin buɗewa/rufewa shine kashi 10%. Matakin sanyaya shine inda injin servo ke adana mafi yawan kuɗi.

Babban Kudin Servo: Kudin Babban Jari vs Kudin Aiki

Injin ƙera injin servo-hydraulic yawanci yana kashe kashi 30-60% fiye da injin gargajiya mai daidai da tan da girman harbi ɗaya. Daidaitaccen farashin ya dogara ne da mai ginin injin, mai samar da tsarin servo, da kuma ƙayyadaddun injin. Ga wakilin injin servo mai nauyin tan 250, ƙimar servo a kasuwar yanzu ƙari ne mai lambobi biyar - mai ma'ana, amma ba mai canzawa ba ga manajan masana'anta wanda ke kimanta siyan.

Ana samun kuɗin ta hanyar tanadin makamashi. Domin sanya lamba a kan biyan kuɗi, ana buƙatar shigarwa guda uku: tanadin makamashi a kowace zagaye, zagayowar kowane aiki, da kuma kuɗin wutar lantarki. VicksLayin samfurin tsarin servoan tsara shi don tsarin servo bisa famfo na vane akan aikace-aikacen ƙera allura, tare da tanadin makamashi na matakin tsarin a cikin kewayon da aka buga. Ga na'urar tan 250 akan zagayowar daƙiƙa 25 tana gudana awanni 6,000 a kowace shekara (kusan sau biyu akai-akai), tanadin wutar lantarki na shekara-shekara yana faɗuwa cikin kewayon ma'ana - babba wanda zai iya biyan kuɗin servo a cikin watanni 18-36 na farko na aiki, ya danganta da kuɗin wutar lantarki na gida.

Labaran RobakumaFasaha ta Robasun buga bayanan bincike na shekaru da yawa da ke nuna cewa injunan servo-hydraulic yanzu sun mamaye sabbin tallace-tallacen manema labarai a cikin kewayon tan 50 zuwa 800 a fadin Arewacin Amurka, Turai, da Gabashin Asiya, tare da injinan buga littattafai na gargajiya da ke ƙara iyakancewa ga takamaiman aikace-aikacen tan masu yawa da na musamman. Canjin kasuwa da kansa alama ce ta lissafin biyan kuɗi: idan ba a dawo da ƙimar servo a cikin shekaru 3 ba, da kasuwa ba ta canza ba.

Kulawa: Inda Tsarin Biyu Suka Sha Bamban

Tsarin kula da tsarin servo-hydraulic ya bambanta da na injin buga takardu na gargajiya a fannoni uku.

Da farko, injin servo da kansa yana da ƙarancin kulawa fiye da injin induction mai ƙarfin daidai gwargwado - babu goge, babu zoben zamewa, kuma na'urar juyawa ta maganadisu ta dindindin ba ta buƙatar wutar lantarki. VFD tana da nata yanayin kulawa (fanfunan sanyaya, capacitors na lantarki waɗanda ke da tsawon shekaru 8-12), amma an tsara sassan injin da kanta don tsawon rai ba tare da gyara da aka tsara ba.

Na biyu, famfon hydraulic a cikin tsarin servo yana aiki a saurin canzawa kuma yawanci a matsakaicin RPM ƙasa da famfon da aka gyara akan injin latsawa na al'ada. Matsakaicin RPM ƙasa yana nufin ƙarancin lalacewa na bearing, ƙarancin zagayowar zafi, da tsawon rayuwar hatimi. Bayanan filin da aka buga ta hanyarFasahar Yin Moldkuma masu samar da famfon ruwa daban-daban suna nuna cewa famfunan vane a cikin sabis na saurin canzawa suna da tsawon rai mai ma'ana fiye da famfon vane iri ɗaya a cikin sabis na gaggawa mai tsayayye akan injin latsa makamancin haka.

Na uku, na'urar sanyaya mai a kan injin servo-hydraulic ba ta aiki akai-akai saboda raguwar zafin da ke wucewa ta hanyar bawul. Fanka mai sanyaya ko famfon ruwan sanyaya yana kunnawa da kashewa bisa ga ainihin zafin mai maimakon ci gaba da aiki. Ƙananan lokacin aiki mai sanyaya yana nufin ƙarancin kulawa da sanyaya da kuma ƙarancin jan wutar lantarki daga tsarin sanyaya.

A akasin haka, injin buga takardu na gargajiya yana da mafi girman lalacewa a kan injin da famfo, maye gurbin hatimi akai-akai, da kuma ƙarin matsin lamba na zafi akan mai wanda ke hanzarta iskar shaka mai da kuma rage tazarar canjin mai. A kan injin buga takardu na gargajiya na sau uku, tazarar canjin mai yawanci awanni 4,000 ne; a kan injin buga takardu na servo-hydraulic a kan zagayowar aiki iri ɗaya, tazarar ta kai awanni 6,000-8,000. Kudin mai a cikin tazarar shekaru 5 yana da ma'ana - injin buga takardu mai nauyin tan 250 yana ɗaukar lita 400-600 na man hydraulic, kuma man da farashin zubar da shi akan kowane canji abu ne mai lambobi huɗu a kasuwanni da yawa.

Hayaniya da Muhalli na Aiki

Injin latsawa na gargajiya yana sarrafa injin da famfo a cikakken gudu akai-akai, yana samar da sautin sauti mai ɗorewa a cikin kewayon 78-85 dB(A) a tashar mai aiki. Injin latsawa na servo-hydraulic yana rage saurin injin da famfo a lokacin riƙewa da sanyaya, yana rage gudummawar hayaniyar daga tsarin hydraulic sosai. Jimlar hayaniyar injin tana raguwa zuwa kewayon 65-72 dB(A), wanda shine bambanci tsakanin matakin hayaniyar da ke buƙatar kariyar ji don fallasa cikakken aiki da wanda ke kan iyakar ƙa'idar.

Rage hayaniya ba wai yana rage farashi kai tsaye ba ne, amma fa'ida ce ta gaske a kasuwanni masu tsauraran ƙa'idojin hayaniyar aiki (EU OSH Directive 2003/10/EC, US OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95, China GBZ 2.2) inda kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya ke buƙatar kariyar ji ga masu aiki. Ba a cika lissafa farashin kariyar ji, gwajin sauti, da kayayyakin more rayuwa na sarrafa hayaniya a kan benen masana'anta ba a cikin lissafin ramawa kawai - amma farashi ne na gaske a cikin shekaru 5.

Daidaito da Maimaituwa

Tsarin servo-hydraulic yana da fa'ida ta daidaito wadda ba koyaushe take bayyana a cikin lissafin mayar da makamashi ba amma tana bayyana a cikin ƙimar sharewa. Kula da matsi mai rufewa tare da firikwensin matsi da famfo mai saurin canzawa yana riƙe matsin lamba a cikin madauri mai ƙarfi fiye da tsarin famfo mai tsayayye tare da bawuloli masu daidaito. A kan sassan da suka fi jurewa - na gani, na likita, da marufi - haɓaka ƙimar sharewa kaɗai zai iya biyan kuɗin servo na tsawon shekaru 5, ba tare da la'akari da tanadin makamashi ba.

Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Robayana buga takardu na fasaha kan daidaiton gyaran allurar servo-hydraulic, gami da bambancin nauyin harbi-zuwa-harbi da bayanan maimaitawa na girma. Fa'idar daidaiton da aka buga ƙarama ce akan sassan da ke da juriya mai annashuwa (yawanci raguwar kashi 10-20% a cikin bambancin harbi-zuwa-harbi) kuma mai ma'ana akan sassan da ke da juriya mai tsauri (ragewar kashi 30-50%).

Inda Na'urar Haɗakar Ruwa ta Al'ada Har Yanzu Ta Yi Nasara

Injin matse famfon da aka gyara na gargajiya bai tsufa ba. Rukuni uku na amfani har yanzu suna fifita shi.

• Injinan da ke da tan mai yawa (sama da tan 1,500).Tsarin servo yana auna daidai gwargwado da ƙarfin mota; a babban tan, cikakken servo premium ya zama babba har lokacin biyan kuɗi ya tsawaita. Wasu aikace-aikacen manyan tan na musamman kuma suna buƙatar takamaiman halaye na amsawar ƙarfi wanda tsarin saurin canzawa baya isarwa kamar tsarin famfo mai tsayayye tare da babban tarawa.
• Aikace-aikace masu tsayi da aiki akai-akai.Idan injin ɗin yana gudanar da zagaye na daƙiƙa 90 a kan wani yanki mai kauri mai bango mai tsayi da kuma aiki mai motsi uku, injin servo har yanzu yana adana kuzari amma ana rage yawan tanadin da ake yi a kan ƙaramin adadin zagaye a kowace shekara. Lokacin biyan kuɗi yana ƙaruwa, kuma injin na yau da kullun yana ƙara yin gasa.
• Shigarwa mai iyaka da jari.Kamfanin da ke da ƙarancin kasafin kuɗi da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin saka hannun jari zai iya zaɓar kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun kan farashin jari kawai, musamman idan farashin wutar lantarki na gida ya yi ƙasa.

A bayan waɗannan nau'ikan guda uku, tsarin servo-hydraulic shine zaɓi mafi rinjaye akan jimlar kuɗin mallakar shekaru 5. Bayanan kasuwa sun tabbatar da wannan: rabon servo na sabbin shigarwar injinan watsa labarai shine mafi rinjaye a yawancin yankuna da yawancin azuzuwan tannage, ban da aikace-aikacen musamman masu tannage da aka ambata a sama.

Gina Takardar Aiki ta TCO ta Shekaru 5

Kwatanta jimillar kuɗin mallakar injin servo-hydraulic da injin buga takardu na gargajiya na tsawon shekaru 5 yana da ɓangarorin farashi guda huɗu: jari, makamashi, kulawa, da lokacin da aka ɓata/rage aiki. Kowannensu ana ƙididdige shi daban-daban.

Kudin jari shine farashin siyan injin tare da shigarwa, jigilar kaya, horo, da kuma aikin gudanarwa. Kudin sabis shine bambanci tsakanin farashin jari na injinan biyu.

Kudin makamashi shine jimlar kWh na tsawon shekaru 5, wanda aka ninka shi da kuɗin wutar lantarki na gida. Tanadin makamashi na injin servo shine bambanci tsakanin makamashin press na yau da kullun da makamashin servo a cikin lokaci ɗaya.

Kudin gyara shine jimlar kayan aiki da kuma aiki na tsawon shekaru 5. Injin servo yawanci yana da ƙarancin kulawa da ya shafi famfo, ƙarancin mitar canjin mai, da kuma ƙarancin kulawa da sanyaya. Injin na gargajiya yana da ƙarin lalacewa a kan injin da famfo da kuma yawan amfani da mai.

Kudin da aka kashe da kuma lokacin hutu shine darajar sassan da aka kwace da kuma darajar samarwa da aka rasa a lokacin hutun da ba a tsara ba. Injin servo yana da tsarin sarrafa matsin lamba mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin saurin sharewa; injin na gargajiya yana da ƙimar raguwa mafi girma akan sassan juriya mai ƙarfi amma babu wata illa ga sassan juriya mai sassauci.

Tanadin da injin servo ke yi na tsawon shekaru 5 shine jimlar tanadin makamashi da tanadin kulawa da kuma tanadin shara/rage lokacin aiki, ban da ƙimar servo. Idan sakamakon ya kasance tabbatacce, injin servo zai yi nasara. Idan kuma babu, injin na gargajiya zai yi nasara a tsawon shekaru 5.

Tsarin Shawarwari: Tambayoyi Biyar da Za a Yi Kafin A Faɗaɗa

Don takamaiman shigarwa, za a iya rage shawarar servo vs ta al'ada zuwa tambayoyi biyar.

1. Menene bayanin zagayowar?Tsarin riƙewa na dogon lokaci da sanyaya suna fifita servo. Gajerun zagaye masu buƙatar kwarara mai yawa a ko'ina suna fifita na gargajiya ko servo mai ɗan bambanci.
2. Menene jadawalin aiki?Ci gaba da aiki na sau uku yana ƙara yawan tanadin makamashi. Aiki na sau ɗaya tare da dogon lokaci na rashin aiki yana rage tanadin saboda injinan latsawa suna kashewa tsawon yawancin yini.
3. Nawa ne kudin wutar lantarki na yankin?Kasuwannin da ke da babban kuɗin fito (Turai, Japan, da kuma yawancin Gabashin Asiya) suna hanzarta biyan kuɗin fito. Kasuwannin da ba su da ƙaramin kuɗin fito (wasu sassan Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Amurka mai wadataccen iskar gas) suna rage yawan biyan kuɗin fito.
4. Menene haƙurin ɓangaren?Sassan da ke da juriya mai ƙarfi (likita, na gani, da wasu marufi) suna ƙara fa'idar servo ta hanyar rage tarkace. Sassan da ke da juriya mai annashuwa suna rage wannan ɓangaren tanadi.
5. Menene takurawar jari?Idan ba za a iya ba da kuɗin babban jari a kan farashi mai ma'ana ba, lokacin biyan kuɗi yana da mahimmanci koda kuwa tattalin arzikin matakin aikin yana da kyau.

Ga injin matsi mai nauyin tan 250 na yau da kullun akan zagaye na daƙiƙa 25 wanda ke gudana akai-akai akai-akai a kasuwar matsakaicin farashi, biyan bashin yana tsakanin watanni 18-36. Ga injin matsi mai nauyin tan 100 akan zagaye na daƙiƙa 12 wanda ke gudana akai-akai akai-akai a kasuwar ƙarancin farashi, biyan bashin na iya ɗaukar shekaru 4 ko fiye. Vickstakardar aikin biyan kuɗiya haɗa dukkan masu canji guda biyar kuma ya samar da shawarwari na musamman game da aiki.

Tambayoyi da Amsoshi: Servo vs Al'ada Na'urar Injection ta Hydraulic Molding