• Qondanisa iphampu nengcindezi yokusebenza yangempela, hhayi nje isilinganiso esiphezulu.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi i-shaft, i-flange, i-port, kanye nokujikeleza kuyashintshashintsha, hhayi ngegama lemodeli kuphela.
• Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-OEM, ukuhambisana, isikhathi sokuhola, kanye namarekhodi okuhlola ngokuvamile kubaluleke ngaphezu kwenombolo eyodwa yekhathalogi.
• Ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-Servo kunganciphisa imfucuza yamandla uma umshini unemithwalo eguquguqukayo nesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Ukuhambisana neAmaphampu ochungechunge lwe-T6 ne-T7, Amaphampu ochungechunge lwe-V, futhiAmaphampu ochungechunge lwe-PV2Rngokuvamile kuyindlela eshesha kakhulu yamaphrojekthi okufaka esikhundleni.

Ekukhetheni iphampu ye-vane ye-hydraulic, indawo yokuqala ewusizo kakhulu yisidingo sesistimu, hhayi isihloko sekhathalogi. I-ISO 1219-1 ichaza izimiso zezimpawu ze-hydraulic, kuyilapho amakilasi okucindezela kwezimboni avamile akhiwa cishe kubha engu-210, ibha engu-250, kanye nemiklamo yomthwalo ophezulu; eminye imindeni yephampu ye-vane yenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla afinyelela ku-35 MPa, noma ibha engu-350, ekucushweni okukhethekile kwengcindezi ephezulu. Abathengi abaqhathanisa izinga lokugeleza kuphela bavame ukuphuthelwa ingozi yangempela: ukungazinzile kokumunca, ukulawulwa okungekuhle kwe-viscosity, kanye nokungafani kokufakwa kunganciphisa impilo yesevisi ngisho noma imininingwane eqondile ibukeka ilungile. Ukuze kufakwe okunye, ukuhambisana kochungechunge kanye ne-geometry yokufaka kubaluleke njengokucindezela kanye nokufuduka.

Umhlahlandlela Wokuthenga Iphampu Ye-Hydraulic Vane Yabakhiqizi Bemishini Nabathengi Be-OEM

Kungani ukukhetha ipompo ye-hydraulic vane kuqala ngomshini, hhayi ngepompo

Iphampu ye-hydraulic vane efanele yileyo ehambisana nomjikelezo womsebenzi, hhayi leyo enenombolo enkulu kakhulu yegama.

Ekwenzeni imishini, iphampu kumele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic, ukulingana kokufakwa, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Ithuluzi lomshini lingadinga ukugeleza okuphansi kanye nempendulo ezinzile, umshini wokubumba umjovo ungase ubeke phambili ukwakheka kwengcindezi okuphindaphindwayo, kanti ipulatifomu yezolimo ingadinga ukubekezelela izimo zezulu ezishintshashintshayo. Uma lawo maqiniso enganakwa, umphumela uvame ukuba ukushisa ngokweqile, umsindo, ukunyakaza okungaguquki, noma ukuguguleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kubathengi be-OEM, isinqumo sibanzi nakakhulu. Iphampu akuyona nje ingxenye; iyingxenye yokutholakala komshini. Imodeli okulula ukuyithenga, okulula ukuyishintsha, futhi okulula ukuyiqinisekisa ekukhiqizeni ivame ukuba yigugu kakhulu kuneyunithi ehlaba umxhwele ngobuchwepheshe eyenza kube nzima ukuthenga izinto. Yingakho amaqembu amaningi okuthenga eqhathanisaizinhlelo ze-servo hydraulic, imindeni yamaphampu ehambisana nokufakwa esikhundleni, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele ngaphambi kokuba baqhathanise ukufuduka kodwa.

Izisekelo zepompo ye-vane ye-hydraulic: okubalulekile nokungabalulekile

Amaphampu e-vane e-hydraulic ayaziswa ngenxa yokugeleza okubushelelezi, i-compact form factor, kanye nomsindo ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziningi zephampu yegiya.

Isimiso sokusebenza silula: ama-vane ayashelela ku-rotor, amakamelo oketshezi abambekile akheka phakathi kwe-rotor ne-cam ring, futhi uketshezi luyadonswa bese lukhishwa njengoba i-rotor iphenduka. Ngokwezwi elingokoqobo, lokho kushintsha kwegumbi okubushelelezi yingakho amaphampu e-vane evame ukukhethwa imishini lapho ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo kubalulekile khona. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi kungathuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-actuator, kunciphise ukudlidliza komugqa, futhi kwenze izinhlelo zibe lula ukuzilungisa.

Kodwa ukusebenza kahle kusiza kuphela uma iphampu isebenza ngaphakathi kwemvilophu yayo eklanyelwe. I-fluid viscosity, ukuhlunga, izimo zokumunca, kanye nezinga lokushisa kunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kahle kwevolumu kanye nokuguguleka. Ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic zezimboni, amazinga e-mineral oil viscosity avame ukubhekiselwa kuwo afaka phakathi i-ISO VG 32, 46, kanye ne-68 ngaphansiI-ISO 3448Ukukhetha i-viscosity engalungile kungaba yingozi njengokukhetha isigaba sokucindezela esingalungile.

Indlela yokuhlola imininingwane yephampu ye-hydraulic vane kubathengi be-OEM

Indlela yokuthenga ethembeke kakhulu ukuguqula izidingo zomshini zibe izidingo zephampu umugqa nomugqa.

Qala ngokucindezela. Uma umshini uvame ukusebenza ku-160 bar kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukhuphuka kakhulu, isilinganiso somsebenzi oqhubekayo sibaluleke kakhulu kunenombolo emfushane yesikhathi esiphezulu. Bese ubala isidingo sokugeleza kusuka endaweni ye-actuator, isivinini sokushaya, kanye nesikhathi somjikelezo. Umthengi owazi iphrofayili yangempela yomjikelezo angagwema usayizi oweqile, okunciphisa imfucuza nokushisa. Amaphampu amakhulu avame ukusebenza ngendlela engasebenzi kahle ngomthwalo oyingxenye futhi angandisa isidingo sokupholisa ithangi.

Okulandelayo, buyekeza isivinini. Amaphampu amaningi ezimboni ahambisana nama-motor kagesi acishe abe ngu-1,500 rpm noma u-1,800 rpm kuye ngesifunda kanye nenani lezinsika zemoto. Iphampu ekhethiwe kumele ihlale izinzile kulo lonke ibhendi yokusebenza elilindelekile. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zesivinini esiphezulu, ukwakheka kokungena kanye nokuhlanzeka kwamafutha kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ingozi yokungena kwe-cavitation iyanda njengoba imingcele yokumunca incipha.

Okokugcina, qinisekisa umsindo kanye nezinhloso ze-ripple. Ukusebenza ngokuthula akuyona into yokunethezeka kumathuluzi omshini noma emigqeni yokukhiqiza yangaphakathi. Ezimweni eziningi, iphrofayili yokucindezela ebushelelezi ithuthukisa induduzo yomqhubi futhi inganciphisa ukunakekelwa okuhlobene nokudlidliza. Uma umshini uyingxenye yokwakhiwa kabusha okugxile emandleni, kungakufanelekela ukuqhathanisa indlela evamile yokufuduka engaguquki ne-Iphampu ye-ABT servo vaneukwakheka lapho umkhiqizo ungalandelela khona isidingo eduze.

Ukuhambisana kokufaka esikhundleni: indlela esheshayo yamaqembu okulungisa

Ukushintshashintshana ngokuvamile kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthenga amaphrojekthi okushintsha iphampu ye-hydraulic vane.

Amaqembu okulungisa ngokuvamile adinga iphampu efika ngokuguqulwa okuncane komshini. Lokho kusho okungaphezu kokufanisa igama lochungechunge. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kokufaka esikhundleni kufanele kufake iphrofayili yomgodi, i-mounting flange, ukuqondiswa kwe-port, ukufuduka, ukujikeleza, kanye nemvilophu ebonakalayo. Ezitshalweni eziningi, izindleko ezifihliwe akuyona intengo yephampu; yisikhathi sokungasebenzi esibangelwa yingxenye ecishe ilingane kodwa edinga ukuguqulwa komshini noma kwamapayipi.

Yilapho-ke okunikezwayo okusekelwe ochungechungeni kubalulekile khona. Abathengi bayaqhathanisaAmaphampu ochungechunge lwe-VQ, Amaphampu ochungechunge lwe-SQP, futhiAmaphampu ochungechunge lwe-V20kufanele bacele imidwebo yobukhulu kanye namanothi okufaka ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda. Kumishini emidala noma imishini engenisiwe, ukuhambisana kokushintshwa kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza.

Kumafektri, ukuhambisana nakho kusekela isu lezingxenye ezisele. Ukugcina umndeni owodwa noma emibili yamaphampu ejwayelekile emishinini eminingi kunciphisa ubunzima bempahla, kufinyeze imijikelezo yokuthenga, futhi kusiza amaqembu okulungisa aphendule ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokumiswa okungahleliwe.

Uma iphampu ye-hydraulic vane ingcono kunephampu yegiya noma iphampu yepiston

Iphampu ye-vane ivame ukuba yisinqumo esifanele lapho ukushelela, umsindo, kanye nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu kunokucindezela okukhulu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namaphampu amaningi egiya, amaphampu e-vane avame ukunikeza ukushelela okungcono kokugeleza kanye nokushaya okuphansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namaphampu e-axial piston, amaphampu e-vane angase abe lula ukuwagcina kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphakathi nendawo futhi angase abe lula ukuwahlanganisa namapulatifomu azwela izindleko. Lokho kusho ukuthi, amaphampu e-piston ngokuvamile ahlala eqinile kakhulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-servo ezisebenzisa umfutho ophezulu noma ezinamandla kakhulu, kuyilapho amaphampu egiya engase abe amahle lapho izindleko nokuqina kubusa khona.

Umthetho osebenzayo uqondile. Uma umshini wakho udinga ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo kwezimboni okuphakathi kokucindezela okuphakathi kuya okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-acoustic, kanye nokuhambisana okuthembekile kokufaka esikhundleni, iphampu ye-hydraulic vane ivame ukuba yindlela elinganiselayo kakhulu. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga ingcindezi enkulu, ukufuduka okuguquguqukayo okunembile, noma ukwakheka kokulawula okukhethekile, olunye uhlobo lwephampu lungase lufaneleke kakhulu.

Indlela izinhlelo zephampu ze-servo vane ezisekela ngayo ukulungiswa kokonga amandla

Ukulawulwa kwe-Servo kushintsha indlela yokuthenga kusukela ekukhishweni okungaguquki kuya ekukhishweni okusekelwe kwisidingo.

Emishinini eminingi ye-hydraulic, ikakhulukazi leyo elayisha ngezikhathi ezithile, izinhlelo zokuthutha ezihleliwe zichitha amandla ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi noma somthwalo ophansi. Isixazululo esiqhutshwa yi-servo singanciphisa lowo mfucuza ngokuvumela ukuphuma kwephampu ukuthi kulandele isidingo somshini eduze kakhulu. Yingakho ukulungiswa kwe-servo kuvame ukuhlolwa hhayi kuphela ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic kodwa futhi nangokwe-payback logic.

Kumaqembu okuthenga, umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi ngabe umshini unezinguquko zomthwalo ezinengqondo yini. Uma iphampu isebenza cishe usuku lonke, inzuzo yokulungisa kabusha ingase ilinganiselwe. Uma umshini uchitha isikhathi eside ulindile, umthwalo oyingxenye, noma ukusebenza okuphindaphindiwe kokuyeka ukuqala, amandla okonga abaluleke kakhulu. Amacala okulungisa kabusha aqine kakhulu avame ukuvela ekubumbeni komjovo, ezinhlelweni zokucindezela, kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza enesidingo somjikelezo esiguquguqukayo kakhulu.

Uma uhlela ukulungiswa kabusha, cela izilinganiso zokuqala: isilinganiso sokudonswa kwamandla, iphrofayili yokucindezela, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nomkhuba wokushisa uwoyela. Ngaphandle kwesisekelo, kunzima ukufakazela ukonga ngemuva kokuqalisa ukusebenza. Abathengi babuyekeza i-retrofit.amayunithi epompo ye-servo valvekufanele futhi ibuze ukuthi izidingo zokulungisa nokupholisa zishintsha kanjani ngemva kokuguqulwa.

Amaphuzu edatha athembekile abathengi okufanele bawacele ngaphambi kokuthenga

Izinqumo ezinhle zokuthenga zincike emadokhumenti, hhayi ekucabangeni.

Ngaphambi kokuvuma i-oda le-hydraulic vane pump, cela umdwebo olinganiselayo, ijika lokusebenza, idatha ye-shaft kanye ne-flange, isiqondiso sokujikeleza, izinto zokuvala, uhlobo loketshezi olunconywayo, kanye nombiko wokuhlola. Uma i-pump isetshenziswa emshinini odinga ukuhambisana nezindinganiso, cela ne-standard reference standard noma indlela yokuqinisekisa yangaphakathi efanele.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle, izitshalo eziningi zivumelanisa ukufakwa kwephampu nemikhuba yokuhlanzeka kwesistimu ngaphansiI-ISO 4406Izinqubo zokubhala ikhodi yokuhlanzeka kanye nokuhlola. Ukuhlanzeka akuyona into encane; ukungcola kwezinhlayiya kusheshisa ukuguguleka, kuthinta impendulo ye-valve, futhi kunganciphisa impilo yesevisi ngokushesha kakhulu kunokuguga okuvamile. Empeleni, isu lokuhlunga kanye nesiyalo sokulungisa kuvame ukunquma ukuthi iphampu ifinyelela isikhathi sayo sokuphila esilindelekile.

Uma umshini usebenza ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu, abathengi bangabuza nokuthi umndeni wephampu uqinisekisiwe yini ukuthi usebenza ngomfutho ophezulu. Isibonelo, imiklamo ekhethekile ekhonjiwe yomsebenzi wekilasi le-35 MPa ingaba usizo ezinhlelweni ezincane ezidinga i-envelope yomfutho enamandla, kodwa kuphela uma ingxenye esele yesekethe ikalwe ngokulinganayo.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa: lokho abathengi be-OEM abavame ukukuqhathanisa kuqala

Iphampu engcono kakhulu yileyo elinganisela ukusebenza, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuqhubeka kokunikezwa.

Amaphutha avamile okuthenga nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani

Iphutha elibiza kakhulu lephampu ye-hydraulic ngokuvamile liwukucabanga kokufakwa.

• Ukuthenga ngenombolo yemodeli kuphela bese ungazinaki umehluko we-flange noma we-shaft.
• Ukukhetha ukufuduka ngaphandle kokuhlola isidingo sangempela somjikelezo.
• Ukusebenzisa i-oyili viscosity engalungile ekushiseni okusebenzayo.
• Ukweqa umugqa wokumunca kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesimo sokungena.
• Ukucabanga ukuthi isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphezulu kusho ukusebenza kahle kangcono kuzo zonke izimo.
• Ukunganaki ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele zemishini esebenza isikhathi eside.

Lawa maphutha avamile ngoba abathengi bavame ukuthola inkinga yokulungisa, hhayi iphrojekthi yobunjiniyela ehlanzekile. Indlela ephephile yokusebenza ukuqoqa idatha yephampu endala, ukuqinisekisa imvilophu yomshini, bese uyiqhathanisa namadokhumenti ochungechunge lwamanje ngaphambi koku-oda. Uma kuhilelekile imishini emidala engenisiwe, ukuhambisana kokushintshwa kungonga imali eningi kunokushintshela kusakhiwo se-hydraulic esihlukile.

Izimo zokusetshenziswa ezithinta ukukhethwa kwephampu ye-hydraulic vane

Izimboni ezahlukene zibeka phambili ukuhwebelana kokusebenza okuhlukile.

Emathuluzini omshini, ukunyakaza okuzinzile nomsindo ophansi ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu kunokucindezela okuphezulu. Ekubunjweni komjovo, ukubopha okuphindaphindwayo kanye nokuziphatha komjovo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokugeleza kwekhathalogi engaguquki. Emishini yokwakha noma yezolimo, ukuqina nokubekezelela izimo zokusebenza ezishintshayo kuba yinto ebalulekile. Ezinhlelweni zezempi nezezimboni ezikhethekile, imibhalo, ukuhambisana, kanye nokunikezwa okuthembekile kungadlula izindleko ezimsulwa.

Yingakho umhlahlandlela wokuthenga owusizo kumele ukhulume ulimi lomshini wokugcina. Iphampu ekhethiwe yomugqa wokukhiqiza ingase yehluleke kusekethe ephathwayo uma izimo zokumunca zingazinzile. Iphampu esebenza kahle kuyunithi yamandla kagesi e-hydraulic ingase ibe nomsindo kakhulu endaweni yokusebenza enembile. Impendulo efanele ihlala iqondene nohlelo lokusebenza.

Ezinkampanini ezakha imishini yomhlaba wonke, ikhono lokusekela amamodeli amadala nezinhlelo zokufaka esikhundleni libaluleke kakhulu. Umhlinzeki ohlinzeka ngochungechunge oluningi, izingxenye ezisele, kanye nokuqondaniswa kobuchwepheshe kuzo zonke izizukulwane zemishini ezahlukene kunciphisa ubungozi kokubili kuma-OEM kanye namaqembu esevisi.

Yini okufanele uyibuze ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda

Le mibuzo isiza abathengi ukunciphisa ingozi ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuthengeni ipompo ye-hydraulic vane.

1. Iyini ingcindezi yokusebenza eqhubekayo futhi iyini ingcindezi ephezulu?
2. Ingabe ukufakwa kufana nokwakheka kwe-shaft, i-flange, kanye ne-port?
3. Yiluphi uhlobo loketshezi oluthambile kanye nobubanzi bokushisa obunconywayo?
4. Ingabe iphampu ifanele ukushintshwa, ukulungiswa kabusha, noma ukwakhiwa komshini omusha sha?
5. Ingabe umhlinzeki anganikeza imidwebo, idatha yokuhlola, kanye nokusekelwa kwezingxenye ezisele?
6. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-servo, yiziphi izinzuzo zamandla nokulawula ezilindelekile?

Kumaqembu e-OEM, le mibuzo kufanele ibe yingxenye yethempulethi ye-RFQ. Kumaqembu okulungisa, kufanele ibe yingxenye yohlu lokuhlola ukuxazulula izinkinga. Kubasabalalisi, bayisisekelo sokunciphisa imbuyiselo nokuthuthukisa ukufaneleka kokuqala.

Umthetho wokugcina wokuthenga wabakhiqizi bemishini kanye nabathengi be-OEM

Iphampu ye-hydraulic vane efanele yileyo efanela umshini, isu lokulungisa, kanye nohlelo lokuhlinzeka.

Uma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ludinga umsindo ophansi, ukugeleza okuzinzile, kanye nokuhambisana okusebenzayo kokushintsha, amaphampu e-vane ahlala eyindlela eqinile yezimboni. Uma ushintsha imishini emidala engenisiwe, gxila ku-geometry, ukujikeleza, kanye nokulingana kochungechunge kuqala. Uma umshini wakho unomthwalo oguquguqukayo, hlola ukulawulwa kwe-servo bese ulinganisa ukukhokha ngokuqhathanisa namahora okusebenza angempela. Futhi uma ukusebenza kwakho kuncike esikhathini sokusebenza, yenza izingxenye zesevisi kanye nemibhalo kube yingxenye yezindlela zokuthenga kusukela ekuqaleni.

Kubathengi abaqhathanisa imindeni efanaAmaphampu ochungechunge lwe-T7, Amaphampu ochungechunge lwe-V10, futhiuchungechunge lwezimoto ze-hydraulic, isinqumo esihlakaniphile kakhulu ngokuvamile yilesi esinciphisa ubungozi bomjikelezo wokuphila, hhayi nje intengo yeyunithi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yisiphi isici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho uthenga iphampu ye-hydraulic vane?

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana kwesistimu, ikakhulukazi ingcindezi, ukugeleza, umgodi, i-flange, i-porting, kanye nokujikeleza. Iphampu ehambisana nomshini ngokomzimba nangokwe-hydraulic ivame ukusebenza kangcono kunemodeli enezinga eliphezulu edinga ukuguqulwa.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi iphampu ye-hydraulic vane ingayithatha indawo yephampu yami endala?

Qhathanisa umdwebo olinganiselayo, ubuso bokufaka, ukuphela komgodi, isiqondiso sokujikeleza, indawo yembobo, kanye nokufuduka. Uma lokho kungafani, iphampu ingase ingabi yindawo yokungena yangempela noma ngabe umndeni wemodeli ufana.

Ingabe amaphampu e-vane afanele ukusetshenziswa komfutho ophezulu?

Yebo, ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sochungechunge oluthile. Amaphampu amaningi e-vane ezimboni asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okuphakathi kuya kokuphezulu, kanti eminye imiklamo ekhethekile yakhelwe amandla afinyelela ku-35 MPa, kodwa yonke isekethe kumele ilinganiswe ngokufanele.

I-OEM kufanele ikhethe nini uhlelo lokuphampa lwe-servo vane?

I-OEM kufanele icabangele uhlelo lokuphampa i-servo vane lapho umshini unomthwalo oguquguqukayo, isikhathi esivamile sokungenzi lutho, noma isidingo sokunciphisa imfucuza yamandla ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa impendulo yokulawula.

Yikuphi ukuthamba kwamafutha okusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic?

Amabanga ajwayelekile ezimboni afaka phakathi i-ISO VG 32, 46, kanye ne-68 ngaphansi kwe-ISO 3448. Amabanga afanele ancike ekushiseni kokusebenza, isivinini sephampu, kanye nezimo zokungena zesistimu.

Kungani umsindo wepompo ubalulekile emishinini yezimboni?

Umsindo uvame ukuhlobana nokushaya kwenhliziyo, umoya, ukucavita, noma ukucindezeleka komshini. Umsindo ophansi ungathuthukisa induduzo yomqhubi futhi ungase ubonise isekethe ye-hydraulic enempilo.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele ngiwacele kumhlinzeki ngaphambi kokuthenga?

Cela umdwebo olinganiselayo, ijika lokusebenza, imiyalelo yokufaka, idatha yokuhlola, imininingwane yoketshezi enconyiwe, kanye nolwazi lwezingxenye ezisele. Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-OEM, lo mbhalo usiza ukufinyeza ukuqinisekiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza.

Izinkomba zangaphandle

Ukuze uthole umongo ojwayelekile nowobuchwepheshe, bhekaUkuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity ye-ISO 3448, Ikhodi yokuhlanzeka ye-ISO 4406, Izimpawu ze-hydraulic ze-ISO 1219-1, Izinkomba zokucindezela kwe-NIST kanye ne-vacuum, futhiUMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ubuchwepheshe bezimboni.