Buku lothandiza la magulu ogula zinthu padziko lonse lapansi omwe akupeza ma HPU apadera ochokera ku China — lomwe limafotokoza mapepala ofunikira omwe amagwira ntchito, mndandanda wa FAT womwe umazindikira kulephera, ndi ziphaso zomwe zimateteza ndalama zanu.

TL;DR

• Pepala loyenera la HPU liyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa madzi, mtundu wa madzi, kutentha kwa ntchito, ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito - zinthu zosamveka bwino zimapanga zida zosafanana.
• Ma hydraulic power units apadera amapangidwa molingana ndi oda; makina, kusonkhanitsa, ndi kuyesa kwa wopanga mkati mwake kumatsimikiza ngati zomwe mwasankhazo zimakhala zenizeni kapena zongopeka.
• Ma HPU opangidwa ndi Vane pump amapereka mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa mipiringidzo 15, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chokhazikika pa ntchito zodziyimira pawokha zapamadzi ndi zamafakitale zomwe zimafuna ntchito yopitilira.
• Kuyesa Kuvomereza Mafakitale (FAT) sikungakambirane: mayeso a kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kutsimikizira kutembenuka kwa madzi, ndi kuwunika kutayikira kwa madzi pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyeserera yogwirira ntchito kumalephera kutumiza.
• Mukagula zinthu kuchokera ku China, onetsetsani kuti wopanga ali ndi ziphaso zomwe mukufuna kugulitsa (CCS, DNV, ABS, BV, LR) ndipo akhoza kupereka zikalata zonse m'chinenero chomwe mukufuna.

Kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa wopanga HPU wodziwa bwino ntchito yake ndi wogwirizanitsa ziwalo kuli m'zinthu zitatu: kaya akupanga magetsi a hydraulic circuit kuchokera ku zofunikira zanu zogwirira ntchito (osati kungokopera kabukhu), kaya amamanga ndikuyesa chipangizocho pamalo awoawo (osati kusonkhanitsa kwakunja), komanso ngati angakuwonetseni lipoti la FAT lokhala ndi deta yeniyeni yoyezera zida zisanachoke ku fakitale.

Ndakhala zaka zambiri ndikuonera ogula akutumiza mapepala ofotokozera omwe amawoneka odzaza pamwamba koma osadziwa zambiri zomwe zimatsimikiza ngati HPU ikugwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka 15 kapena yalephera mkati mwa miyezi 18. Kusiyana pakati pa pulojekiti ya HPU yopambana ndi cholakwika chokwera mtengo nthawi zambiri kumachitika pagawo lofotokozera - gawo limodzi lisanayitanidwe.

Bukuli likufotokoza zonse zokhudza ndondomekoyi: zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pepala lofotokozera ligwire ntchito, momwe mungayang'anire kuzama kwa uinjiniya wa wopanga, momwe Mayeso Oyenera Ovomerezeka ku Fakitale amaonekera, komanso momwe mungatsimikizire ziphaso zomwe zimateteza ndalama zanu.

Kodi "Makonda" Amatanthauza Chiyani Kwenikweni Mu Ma Hydraulic Power Units?

Mawu oti "custom" amalumikizidwa ku ma hydraulic power units mosasamala. Tiyenera kunena molondola, chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa HPU yopangidwa mwamakonda ndi chinthu cholembedwanso cha katalogi ndi kusiyana pakati pa zida zomwe zikugwirizana ndi pulogalamu yanu ndi zida zomwe zimakakamiza pulogalamu yanu kuti igwirizane nayo.

Ukadaulo weniweni wa HPU umayamba ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwanu ndipo umagwira ntchito mobwerera m'mbuyo kudzera mu hydraulic circuit. Wopanga woyenerera adzakufunsani za kuthamanga kwanu kwakukulu, kuthamanga kosalekeza kogwira ntchito, kuyenda komwe kumayembekezeredwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina, mtundu wamadzimadzi ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala, kutentha kosiyanasiyana, ndi kayendedwe ka ntchito - osati chifukwa chakuti zikuyenda bwino, koma chifukwa chilichonse mwa izi chimasintha kusankha kwa kusuntha kwa pampu, kukula kwa injini, mphamvu ya reservoir, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha.

Pepala lofotokozera lomwe linangotengedwa kuchokera ku polojekiti yakale kapena lotengedwa kuchokera ku kabukhu nthawi zambiri silinapeze tsatanetsatane wa ntchito. Ndawona mapepala ofotokozera a machitidwe a hydraulic a m'nyanja omwe adalemba mtundu wolakwika wamadzimadzi, mapepala ofotokozera a ntchito zozizira zomwe sizinaphatikizepo zofunikira pakutenthetsa, ndi mapepala ofotokozera a zida zankhondo omwe adalephera kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumafunikira kuti avomerezedwe.

Tikalandira malangizo atsopano ku Vicks Hydraulic, gulu lathu la mainjiniya limayang'ananso magawo onse malinga ndi malo omwe akufunira kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Timawonetsa kusagwirizana tisanatchule mawu, osati pambuyo poti zida zapangidwa. Kuwunikanso kwa mainjiniya kumeneku ndiko kumasiyanitsa wopanga zinthu ndi wogulitsa zida.

OEM vs. Kupanga Mapangano

Ogula nthawi zambiri amafunsa ngati ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi OEM yomwe imagulitsa pansi pa dzina lake kapena wopanga mgwirizano yemwe amamanga mogwirizana ndi zomwe wogula akufuna. Mitundu yonseyi ingagwire ntchito, koma mbiri ya chiopsezo imasiyana.

Kampani ya OEM nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitundu yokhazikika ya zinthu. Mumasankha kuchokera ku mitundu yomwe ilipo kale ndikusintha pulogalamu yanu kuti igwirizane ndi zomwe mukufuna. Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati zosowa zanu zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wamba wa kampani ya OEM. Kusintha zinthu kupatula kusankha zosankha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa kapena kokwera mtengo.

Mainjiniya opanga omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. Zipangizozi zimapangidwa motsatira njira yanu yogwirira ntchito, osati nsanja yokonzedweratu. Njira iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera - kupanikizika kwapadera, madzi osakhala achizolowezi, kuphatikiza ndi makina omwe alipo, kapena ziphaso zomwe sizimachitika kawirikawiri.

Ku Vicks Hydraulic, timagwira ntchito makamaka m'malo ogwirira ntchito mwapadera. Tili ndi mizere isanu ndi umodzi yopangira makina a hydraulic opangidwa mwapadera, ndipo mphamvu yathu pachaka ya mapampu a vane opitilira 80,000 imatipatsa mphamvu zolumikizira magawo omwe ma assembler enieni sangagwirizane nawo. Pamene pulogalamu yanu ikufuna chinthu chomwe sichipezeka mu katalogi, ndiye kuti wopanga weniweni amapeza mtengo wake.

Ntchito Zamakampani Ang'onoang'ono

Ma HPU apadera amagwira ntchito pomwe mayunitsi wamba sangagwirizane. Makina a winch am'madzi amafuna mayunitsi amphamvu ochepa omwe amalowa m'zipinda za injini zotsekedwa pomwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira zolimba za kugwedezeka ndi kupopera mchere. Zipangizo zoyenda ndi asilikali zimafuna ma HPU omwe amagwira ntchito modalirika pa kutentha kwambiri komanso amakwaniritsa chilolezo cha mtundu kuchokera ku mabungwe otsimikizira chitetezo. Makina osindikizira ndi opondera masitampu amafunikira mayunitsi amphamvu, apakati komanso owongolera kuyenda bwino kwa nthawi yozungulira nthawi zonse.

Ntchito iliyonse mwa izi ili ndi zofunikira zapadera zomwe gulu la katalogu silingathe kukwaniritsa. Pepala lofotokozera la HPU yapamadzi lidzaphatikizapo zofunikira pakuyesa kupopera mchere ndi ziwerengero za kugwedezeka zomwe zofunikira za HPU yamakampani sizingatchulepo. Zomwe HPU yankhondo ikuphatikizapo zofunikira pakugwirizana kwa maginito (EMC) ndi ziwerengero za kugwedezeka zomwe zimafuna uinjiniya wapadera. Wopanga wanu ayenera kudziwa bwino zofunikira izi za domain ndikudziwa miyezo yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chilichonse.

Chikalata Chofotokozera: Zomwe Muyenera Kuziphatikiza

Pepala lofotokozera ndi pangano pakati pa inu ndi wopanga wanu. Chilichonse chomwe simunachidziwe bwino ndi chisankho chomwe wopanga wanu adzapanga m'malo mwanu - ndipo simungakonde zisankho zomwe amapanga.

Zofunikira pa Kupanikizika. Lembani kuthamanga kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya kosalekeza padera. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe makina angafikire panthawi yopuma (monga kusintha kwa valavu yolunjika). Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kosalekeza ndi kuthamanga komwe makina amasunga nthawi zonse. Magawo awiriwa amayendetsa zisankho zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo: kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mavavu ndi zolumikizira, pomwe kuthamanga kwa mpweya kosalekeza kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya komwe pampu ikugwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa injini. Njira yodziwira kuthamanga kwa mpweya yomwe imalekanitsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kuthamanga kosalekeza imatsatiraTS ISO 4391: 2022 - Mphamvu yamadzimadzi a hydraulic - mapampu, ma mota ndi ma transmissions ofunikira - magwiridwe antchito ndi njira zoyesera, zomwe zimakhazikitsa momwe ma rating awa amafotokozedwera pakati pa opanga.

Chiŵerengero cha Kuyenda ndi Kusamuka. Tchulani chiŵerengero cha kuyenda chomwe mukufuna pa kuthamanga kwanu kogwirira ntchito, pamodzi ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa kuyenda. Ngati pulogalamu yanu ikufuna kuyenda kosinthasintha (monga dongosolo lokhala ndi ma actuator angapo ogwira ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana), tchulani zofunikira pakuyenda kulikonse. Ogula ambiri amalakwitsa posankha kuyenda kwakukulu kokha, kenako nkupeza kuti HPU yomwe adayiitanitsa singathe kusunga kuthamanga kokhazikika pakuyenda pang'ono.

Mtundu wa Madzi ndi Kukhuthala. Mtundu wa madzi a hydraulic umakhudza mwachindunji kusankha kwa zinthu zotsekera pampu, kugwirizana kwa valavu, ndi chophimba cha reservoir. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito madzi osapsa ndi moto a phosphate ester m'malo mwa mafuta amchere, zotsekera zanu za pampu, zipangizo za payipi, ndi ma gasket ziyenera kufotokozedwa moyenerera. Mofananamo, ngati malo anu ogwirira ntchito akuphatikizapo kuyamba kozizira (madzi pa -15°C), muyenera kufotokoza madzi otentha pang'ono komanso mwina chotenthetsera chisanadze - zomwe ndizosavuta kuziiwala mpaka zida zitafika ndipo siziyamba mu February.

Kuzungulira kwa Ntchito. Fotokozani ngati HPU ikuyenda mosalekeza, mosalekeza, kapena mozungulira. HPU yoyendetsedwa ndi makina osindikizira a hydraulic imafuna njira yosiyana yowongolera kutentha kuposa HPU yokhazikika yomwe imagwira ntchito kwa mphindi 10 ola lililonse. Nthawi zambiri timawona mapepala ofotokozera omwe amasiya kuzungulira kwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma HPU azitentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino chifukwa chosinthira kutentha chinali chachikulu kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza.

Kuchuluka kwa Madzi Osungiramo Madzi. Madzi osungiramo madzi samangosunga madzi okha. Amapereka kutentha kokwanira kuti kutentha kuthe, amalola mpweya kupatukana ndi madzi, ndipo amapatsa mphamvu ya makina kuti agwirizane ndi kukula kwa silinda ndi kutentha. Lamulo lapadera la malo osungiramo madzi a HPU m'mafakitale ndi kuwirikiza katatu mpaka kasanu kuposa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe pampu imayendetsa pa mphindi imodzi, koma kukula kwenikweni kumadalira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amayenda pa makina anu komanso nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito. Musasiye izi kuti muganizire.

Zofunikira pa kusefa. Tchulani mulingo wa kuyeretsa komwe mukufuna (nthawi zambiri ma code a NAS 1638 kapena ISO 4406) komanso ngati mukufuna kusefa pa intaneti kapena kunja kwa intaneti. Pepala la ma specs a system lomwe limati "kusefa" popanda kufotokoza mulingo wa kuyeretsa komwe mukufuna silimauza wopanga chilichonse chothandiza. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito,ISO 4406:2021 muyezo wa mphamvu yamadzimadzi a hydraulic — madzi — njira yolembera kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa ndi tinthu tolimbaimatanthauzira njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma code padziko lonse lapansi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani onse kuti ifotokoze zolinga zaukhondo.

Madoko, Kuyika, ndi Kuphatikiza. Ngati HPU iyenera kugwirizana ndi makina omwe alipo, phatikizani zojambula zokhala ndi malo a madoko, mapangidwe a bolt, ndi zofunikira zilizonse zogwirizanitsa monga kulumikizana kwa mafuta oyendetsa, mizere yotulutsira madzi, kapena madoko othandizira. Tapereka ma HPU omwe amayenera kuzunguliridwa madigiri 90 kuchokera ku mawonekedwe wamba chifukwa cha zopinga za malo zomwe sizinafotokozedwepo muzolemba zoyambirira. Chitsanzo cha 3D CAD kapena chithunzi chamanja chokhala ndi miyeso yofunikira chimathetsa vutoli.

Chifukwa Chake Ukadaulo wa Vane Pump Ukutsogolera Kapangidwe Kakang'ono ka HPU

Tikapanga HPU yopangidwa mwamakonda, kusankha kwa ukadaulo wa pampu kumayendetsa gawo lalikulu la makina ena onse. Mapampu a Vane ndiye chisankho chachikulu cha ma HPU ang'onoang'ono opangidwa mwamakonda omwe ali pakati pa mipiringidzo 15 mpaka 210, ndipo kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake kumakuthandizani kuwunika ngati malingaliro a pampu yanu ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zaukadaulo wokhudza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa pampu ya vane komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito,ISO hydraulic fluid power standards framework (TC 131 / SC 2)imapereka maumboni ofunikira aukadaulo omwe mabungwe ogawa amagwiritsa ntchito powunikira deta ya magwiridwe antchito a vane pump. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zaukadaulo pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa vane pump komanso momwe zimakhalira zodzikongoletsa, [ISO hydraulic fluid power standards framework (TC 131 / SC 2)](https://www.iso.org/ics/23_100/23_100_10.html) imapereka maumboni ofunikira aukadaulo omwe mabungwe ogawa amagwiritsa ntchito powunikira deta ya magwiridwe antchito a vane pump.

Mapampu a Vane amachita bwino kwambiri pa ntchito zopitilira chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Ma Vane otsetsereka omwe ali mu pampu ya Vane amadzipangira okha ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yawo ikhale yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma Vane ndi omwe amasankhidwa kwambiri pamakina a hydraulic a m'madzi, zida zodziyimira pawokha zamafakitale, ndi zida zamakina - ntchito zomwe HPU imagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka zambiri, osati maola ambiri.

Poyerekeza ndi mapampu a giya, mapampu a vane amapereka mphamvu zambiri (nthawi zambiri 92 mpaka 95 peresenti pa kuthamanga kwa ntchito) chifukwa zipinda za vane zimasunga kutseka kosalekeza nthawi yonse yozungulira. Mapampu a giya amadalira kulondola kwa malo a mano a giya ndi kulekerera kwa malo okhala; pamene kusweka kumachitika, mphamvu imachepa. Mapampu a vane amadzisintha okha.

Poyerekeza ndi mapampu a piston, mapampu a vane ali ndi zida zochepa zosuntha komanso mtengo wotsika wopanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chotsika mtengo pa ntchito zomwe sizifuna mphamvu zambiri (zoposa 210 bar) zomwe mapampu a piston okha ndi omwe angapereke modalirika. Ngati pulogalamu yanu ikugwira ntchito pansi pa 210 bar ndipo imafuna kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, pampu ya vane ya HPU nthawi zambiri imakhala chisankho choyenera chaukadaulo.

Ku Vicks Hydraulic, ukadaulo wathu wa pampu ya vane ya ma circuit awiri umaphatikiza ma hydraulic circuits awiri odziyimira pawokha m'nyumba imodzi yaying'ono. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zapamadzi komwe kumafunika kubwezeretsanso, kapena pazida zamafakitale zomwe zimafuna ma circuits osiyana kuti zigwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Wogula akatchula "kuchuluka kwa hydraulic supply," tikhoza kupanga chipangizocho kukhala chimodzi yaying'ono m'malo motchula ma HPU awiri osiyana.

Mayeso Ovomerezeka ku Fakitale: Mndandanda Wowunikira Umene Umasiyanitsa Akatswiri ndi Ogulitsa

Mayeso Ovomerezeka ndi Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) ndi nthawi yowona bwino ya HPU iliyonse yopangidwa mwamakonda. Wopanga yemwe sangakuwonetseni zotsatira za FAT zolembedwa ndi deta yeniyeni yoyezera akukupemphani kuti mukhulupirire kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito - popanda umboni. Njira za FAT zomwe timatsatira zikugwirizana ndiISO 4413: 2010 - Mphamvu yamadzimadzi a hydraulic - Malamulo ndi zofunikira zonse zachitetezo cha makina ndi zida zake, yomwe imafotokoza magulu oyesera omwe wopanga HPU aliyense wodalirika ayenera kuwonetsa.

Timayesa FAT pa HPU iliyonse yopangidwa mwamakonda musanatumize. Izi ndi zomwe FAT yonse imaphatikizapo, ndi zomwe muyenera kufunsa kuti muwone mu lipoti loyesa.

Mayeso a Hydrostatic Pressure. Dera lonse la hydraulic limapanikizika mpaka kuwirikiza ka 1.5 kuposa mphamvu yayikulu yogwira ntchito ndipo limasungidwa kwa mphindi 30. Mayesowa amayesa kuwonongeka kwa kuthamanga, amawunika kulumikizana kulikonse kuti awone ngati pali kutuluka madzi, ndikutsimikizira kuti ma valve opumulira akhazikitsidwa bwino. Lipoti la FAT liyenera kuwonetsa kuthamanga kwa mayeso, nthawi yogwira, kuwerenga koyamba ndi komaliza kwa kuthamanga, komanso dzina la munthu amene adachita mayesowo.

Kutsimikizira Mzere Wozungulira. Pa gawo la FAT, timayesa kutuluka kwenikweni kwa madzi pa malo osiyanasiyana opanikizika pamlingo wogwirira ntchito. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti pampu imagwira ntchito monga momwe zafotokozedwera komanso kuti kuthamanga kwa madzi sikutsika kwambiri ikadzaza mokwanira. Lipoti la FAT liyenera kukhala ndi tebulo la mzere wozungulira madzi lomwe likuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi pa 25, 50, 75, ndi 100 peresenti ya kuthamanga komwe kumayesedwa.

Kuyang'ana Kutayikira Pansi pa Mikhalidwe Yogwiritsira Ntchito Yoyeserera. Timayendetsa HPU kudzera mu mikhalidwe yoyimira yogwiritsira ntchito - kuphatikiza kuyamba kozizira, kukweza kwambiri, ndi kuzimitsa - ndikuyang'ana chisindikizo chilichonse, cholumikizira, ndi cholumikizira. Timayang'ana makamaka kutayikira komwe kumawonekera pokhapokha kutentha kukasinthasintha, chifukwa kulumikizana komwe kuli kolimba bwino kutentha kwa chipinda kumatha kutuluka madzi akafika kutentha kogwirira ntchito ndipo zotsatira za kutentha zimayamba.

Kuyeza Phokoso ndi Kugwedezeka. Phokoso lochulukirapo kapena kugwedezeka kumasonyeza kusakhazikika bwino, kutsekeka kwa cavitation, kapena zinthu zosweka. Timayesa kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika kwa phokoso pa mtunda wotchulidwa ndikuyerekeza ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Pa ntchito zapamadzi, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri - kugwedezeka kungayambitse kutopa kwa kapangidwe kake m'mabwalo a sitima.

Mayeso a Kugwira Ntchito kwa Dongosolo Lolamulira. Ngati HPU ikuphatikiza dongosolo lowongolera — monga kulamulira kwa valve yofanana, kuphatikiza kwa PLC, kapena kuyang'anira kutali — timayesa ntchito iliyonse yowongolera motsutsana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Timayesa mikhalidwe yolakwika ndikutsimikizira kuti dongosolo lowongolera likuyankha molondola. Lipoti la FAT la HPU yolamulidwa lidzaphatikizapo mndandanda wa ntchito yowongolera wokhala ndi zotsatira zopambana/zolephera pa ntchito iliyonse.

Kuwunikanso kwa Zolemba. Phukusi la FAT liyenera kukhala ndi lipoti loyesa, ziphaso zoyezera zida zonse zoyezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa, deta ya pampu, ndi chithunzi cha hydraulic circuit chokhala ndi zolemba zomwe zapangidwa. Zopatuka zilizonse kuchokera ku zomwe zidapangidwa kale ziyenera kulembedwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi onse awiri asanatumizidwe.

Mukayang'ana lipoti la FAT, yang'anani deta yeniyeni yoyezera - osati kungo "mayeso opambana." Manambalawo ndi ofunika. Kuwerenga kwa kuthamanga kwa 198.3 bar pamene zofunikira zimafuna 200 bar kumakuuzani china chake chosiyana ndi kuwerenga kwa 195 bar. Chilankhulo "chopambana" chopanda manambala ndi chizindikiro chofiira chakuti mayesowo mwina sanachitike molimbika.

Zitsimikizo Zomwe Zili Zofunika Kwambiri pa HPU Sourcing

Ziphaso za zida zamagetsi zimasiyana malinga ndi msika komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kulemba ziphaso zomwe sizikugwira ntchito kumakampani anu kapena pamsika womwe mukufuna ndi koipa kuposa kulemba ziphaso zopanda ziphaso - zimasonyeza kuti wopanga sakumvetsa zomwe mukufuna.

Pa ntchito zapamadzi, ziphaso zazikulu za bungwe logawa ndi CCS (China Classification Society), DNV (Det Norske Veritas), ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), BV (Bureau Veritas), ndi LR (Lloyd's Register). Bungwe lililonse logawa lili ndi njira zake zoyesera komanso zofunikira zolemba. Wopanga yemwe ali ndi satifiketi ya CCS koma sanagwirepo ntchito ndi zofunikira za DNV angakumane ndi zovuta kuphunzira akapemphedwa kuti apereke chombo chogawidwa ndi DNV.

Pa makina odzipangira okha a mafakitale, ziphaso zoyenera zimadalira msika womaliza. Ogula aku Europe nthawi zambiri amafunikira chizindikiro cha CE chokhala ndi zikalata zogwirizana ndi Machining Directive. Ogula aku North America angafunike kulembetsa UL kapena ETL. Mafomu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kapena kukonza chakudya angafunike chiphaso cha miyezo inayake ya ukhondo.

Pa ntchito za usilikali, zofunikira pa satifiketi nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa ndi zomwe dziko lolamulira likufuna kugula. Zofunikira izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuposa miyezo yamalonda ndipo zimaphatikizapo kuyesa zachilengedwe (kutentha, chinyezi, kupopera mchere), kuyesa kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, komanso kutsimikizira kuyanjana kwa maginito. Kuti muwone mwachidule momwe zofunikira za gulu zimasiyanirana m'maboma osiyanasiyana,Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse wa Magulu Ogawa Magulu (IACS)imasunga zofunikira zomwe anthu onse amafunikira kuti mabungwe omwe ali mamembala azitsatira pazida zapamadzi.

Ku Vicks Hydraulic, tatenga nawo mbali pakusintha miyezo yamakampani ya zida zama hydraulic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gulu lathu la mainjiniya limamvetsetsa cholinga cha zofunikira za satifiketi - osati kungotsatira bokosi loyang'ana. Wogula akatiuza kuti akufuna zida zotsimikiziridwa ndi muyezo winawake, timadziwa mayeso ndi zikalata zomwe satifiketiyo imafuna, osati mapepala okhawo oti mudzaze.

Ndalama Zobisika Zimene Ogula Ambiri Amazipeza Mochedwa Kwambiri

Ndikufuna kunena mwachindunji za chinthu chomwe ogula ambiri sadziwa mpaka zida zitafika: mtengo wogulira HPU nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika kwambiri pa moyo wa chipangizocho.

Ndalama zoyika ndi kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri zimaposa mtengo wa zida pamene HPU sikugwirizana ndi malo oyika monga momwe amayembekezera, pamene malo olowera amafunika njira yapadera yoyendetsera payipi, kapena pamene maulumikizidwe amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yosiyana ndi yoyika yakomweko. Ndalamazi zitha kupewedwa ngati zomwe zafotokozedwazo zikuphatikizapo zojambula zamitundu ndi zofunikira zogwirizanitsa pasadakhale.

Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zimagwirizana ndi kudalirika kwa HPU komanso kupezeka kwa zida zina. Pampu ya vane yomwe imafuna kukonza nthawi iliyonse maola 5,000 poyerekeza ndi yomwe imafuna nthawi iliyonse maola 2,500 ikuyimira kusiyana kwakukulu pa mtengo wonse wa umwini mkati mwa zaka 10 zogwirira ntchito. Pepala lofotokozera liyenera kufotokoza nthawi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa zokonza zinthu komanso zinthu zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa zosungiramo zida zina.

Mtengo wa mphamvu pa nthawi yonse yogwiritsira ntchito ukhoza kupitirira mtengo wogulira zida. Pampu yayikulu 15 peresenti kuposa momwe imafunikira imadya mphamvu yowonjezera 15 peresenti pa ola lililonse logwira ntchito. Pazaka 10 zogwira ntchito mosalekeza, izi si ndalama zochepa. Kukula koyenera kwa pampu panthawi yofunikira - kutengera zofunikira zenizeni zamakina, osati kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu zotetezera - kumakhudza mwachindunji ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.

Ndalama zotsimikizira ndi kuyesanso zitha kukhala zazikulu ngati HPU ifika ndipo ikulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za satifiketi ya msika wopitako. Tawona ogula akuwononga ndalama zofanana ndi 30 mpaka 50 peresenti ya mtengo woyambirira wa zida kuti ayeserenso ndikubwezeretsanso zida zomwe zidapangidwa pamlingo wolakwika. Tsimikizani satifiketi ya msika womwe mukufuna musanasainire oda yogula, osati zida zikafika padoko lanu.

Momwe Mungatumizire Chidziwitso Chanu cha HPU ndikupeza Mtengo Wolondola

Pepala lofotokozera ndiye poyambira kupereka mtengo wolondola. Mukamaliza kupereka mtengo, mtengowo umakhala wolondola kwambiri — ndipo mwayi woti musinthe maoda pakati pa kupanga zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera ndalama ndikuchedwetsa kutumiza.

Zomwe muyenera kuziphatikiza mufunso lanu loyamba: Yambani ndi magawo oyambira ogwirira ntchito: kuthamanga kwakukulu, kuthamanga kosalekeza kogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa madzi, mtundu wa madzi, ndi nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Phatikizani ntchito yomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito (yapamadzi, yamafakitale, yankhondo) ndi msika womwe mukufuna kupeza satifiketi (bungwe logawa kapena bungwe lolamulira). Tchulani zofunikira pa nthawi yotumizira katundu wanu komanso ngati mukufuna zikalata m'chinenero china.

Zoyenera kufunsa wopanga: Funsani za luso lawo la uinjiniya — kodi angawunikenso zomwe mukufuna ndikupereka malingaliro okonzanso, kapena kodi amamanga zomwe mwasankha popanda kuyikapo uinjiniya? Funsani za malo awo oyesera — kodi amachita FAT pa chipangizo chilichonse, ndipo kodi adzagawana nanu deta yoyesera? Funsani za kuchuluka kwa satifiketi yawo — kodi satifiketi yawo yapano imaphimba mtundu wa chinthu chanu ndi msika womwe mukufuna?

Zomwe mungayembekezere kuchokera kwa wopanga woyenerera: Mkati mwa masiku 5 mpaka 7 a bizinesi atalandira chidziwitso chonse, wopanga HPU woyenerera ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopereka mtengo watsatanetsatane kuphatikiza kusankha kwa zigawo zomwe zaperekedwa, mtengo, nthawi yoperekera, ndi kusintha kulikonse komwe kukulimbikitsidwa kutengera ndemanga yanu yaukadaulo. Ngati wopanga apereka mawu nthawi yomweyo popanda kufunsa mafunso omveka bwino okhudza chidziwitso chanu, mwina akupereka mawu a chinthu cha m'ndandanda - osati ukadaulo weniweni.

Ngati mfundo zanu sizili zokwanira, wopanga waluso adzafunsa mafunso asanatchule. Iyi si njira yochedwetsera - ndi kukonza bwino komwe kumateteza mbali zonse ziwiri.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri