Te Whakarewa Werohanga Waipēhi Servo me te Whakarewa Werohanga Waipēhi Tikanga: Te Whakataurite i ngā Utu mō ngā Tau 5

He aha te take ka nui ake ai te utu o te mīhini iti te utu

I whakakapia e te kaiwhakahaere o te tipu hanga i Dongguan tētahi mīhini pēhi waipēhi tawhito, 250 tana te taumaha, ki tētahi mīhini hou, he rite tonu te whakatakotoranga. He iti iho i te haurua te utu o te mīhini whakakapinga i te mīhini servo-waipēhi ōrite. Tekau mā waru marama i muri mai, e 6% te teitei ake o te pire hiko o te tipu i runga i te papa hanga i tērā i te tau i mua — he nui ake te hiko e pau ana i te mīhini pēhi tikanga i tērā i whakakapia e ia. I te mutunga o te tau tuatoru, kua nui ake te utu hiko o te mīhini pēhi tikanga i te utu nui o te mīhini servo ōrite, i mua i te whakaaro ki te haruru, te hiahia whakamatao, me te wā whakawhiti hinu. I te mutunga, i whakauruhia e te tipu tētahi pūnaha servo ki te mīhini pēhi o nāianei, kaua ki te whakakapi — ā, i kite i te hekenga o te whakapaunga hiko mā te haurua i roto i te marama tuatahi katoa.

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whiriwhiri i waenga i te werohanga waipēhi servo-waipēhi me te werohanga waipēhi tikanga "he pai ake te mea hou". He tātaitanga utu katoa mō te mana pupuri e rima tau te roa, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te taumaha o te mīhini, te huringa o te mīhini, ngā hāora whakahaere, me te utu hiko ā-rohe. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga taua tātaitanga me te taipitopito - he aha te āhua o te āputa pūngao, he aha te āhua o te āputa tiaki, kei hea tonu te utu mō te mīhini tikanga, me pēhea te whakakotahi i ngā tau mō tētahi tāutanga motuhake.

Te Whakamahinga o te Mana e te Pēhi Waipēhi Tikanga

Ka whakahaerehia e te mīhini werohanga waipēhi papu-pūmau tikanga he mōtini hiko i te tere pūmau, e hono tika ana ki ngā pūtake hiko, kāore he puku auau taurangi. Ka peia e te mōtini he pūmāhi waipēhi nekehanga-pūmau — he pūmāhi vane, he pūmāhi piston tuaka rānei — e tuku ana i te rere pūmau o te waipēhi i te pēhanga e rite ana ki te kawenga. Ka whakarerekētia e ngā takirere whakahaere aronga, ngā takirere ōwehenga, me ngā takirere servo o te mīhini te rere me te pēhanga kia ōrite ki ngā wāhanga kati pokepokea ai, werohanga, pupuri, whakakirihou, me te whakatuwhera pokepokea ai o te huringa.

Ka oma te motuka i te tere katoa puta noa i te huringa, ahakoa he iti te hiahia waipēhi. I te wā pupuri - ina hiahiatia he wāhanga iti noa o te rere tihi hei pupuri i te pēhanga kōhao - ka karohia te rere nui mā te takirere whakaora ki te tāke, ka tohatohahia te pūngao hei wera. I te wā whakamatao - ina kore he rere waipēhi e hiahiatia ana engari he iti noa te taumaha o te rawhi - kei te huri tonu te papu i te tere katoa, kei te kukume tonu i te mana katoa, ā, kei te tukuna tonutia e te takirere karo te rere nui. Koinei te koretake o te hanganga o te pūnaha papu-pūmau: ka oma te motuka me te papu i te wāhi mahi kotahi, ā, ko te kore taurite i waenga i taua wāhi me te hiahia waipēhi tuturu ka ngaro hei wera.

Kāore te wera tonu i te kore utu. Me whakamatao te hinu waipēhi kia mau tonu te matotoru me te ārai i te waikura, ko te tikanga he whakamatao hinu motuhake (he whakamatao wai, he whakamatao hau rānei) kei te rere tonu, e kukume ana i te mana tāpiri. He nui te hiahia whakamatao i runga i te mīhini pēhi tikanga 250-tana i roto i te taiao 30 °C — i te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te awhe 15–25% o te whakauru hiko o te mīhini i runga i te mahi e toru-huringa.

Te Whakamahinga o te Mana e te Pūnaha Waipēhi-Tukutuku

Ka whakakapia te motuka tere-pūmau e te pūnaha waipēhi-servo ki te motuka servo tere-rerekē - he motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu (PMSM) - e peia ana e te puku auau-rerekē (VFD). Ka whakahaerehia e te puku servo te tere o te motuka kia rite ki te hiahia waipēhi i te wā tūturu. Ina kei te wāhanga rere-teitei te huringa (kati pokepokea ai, werohanga, whakakirihou), ka piki te motuka ki te tere teitei. Ina kei te wāhanga rere-iti te huringa (pupuri, whakamatao), ka piki te motuka ki raro ki te tere iti e tutuki ana i te hiahia waipēhi tuturu. Ina okioki te huringa (kāore he nekehanga), ka taea e te motuka te mutu katoa, te oma rānei i te tere tata-kore.

Ko te mutunga iho, ko te mīhini servo-hydraulic anake e tango ana i te mana e hiahiatia ana mō ia wāhanga o te huringa. Kāore te motuka e oma i te tere pumau, kāore te papu e karo i te rere nui, ā, ko te marara wera o te takirere karo e tautuhi ana i te koretake o te pēhi tikanga kua whakakorea te nuinga.Bosch Rexroth, Yūken, me ētahi atu kaihanga pūnaha waipēhi e whakaputa ana i ngā tuhipoka tono me ngā whakatairite i te whakapaunga pūngao servo me te papu-pūmau; ko te awhe noa puta noa i ngā raraunga kua whakaputaina he whakaiti pūngao 40–80% i ngā wāhanga he nui ngā wā pupuri me te whakamatao, me te whakaiti 20–40% i ngā wāhanga he poto ake ngā wā pupuri me te whakamatao.

Kāore ngā penapena i te ōrite puta noa i te huringa. Ko ngā penapena nui rawa atu kei te wāhanga whakamatao (te wāhanga roa rawa atu o te tono iti i roto i te nuinga o ngā huringa), ko te tuarua o ngā penapena nui rawa atu kei te wāhanga pupuri, ā, ko te iti rawa kei te wāhanga werohanga (te wāhi e hiahiatia ana te rere o te tihi, ā, kei te oma hoki te pūnaha servo i te tihi). I runga i te hanga perehi 250-tana noa, he wāhanga ABS 200 karamu me te huringa 25-hekona, ko te wāhanga whakamatao he tata ki te 50% o te huringa, ko te wāhanga pupuri 15%, ko ngā wāhanga werohanga me te kirihou 25%, ā, ko ngā wāhanga whakatuwhera/kati 10%. Ko te wāhanga whakamatao te wāhi e penapena nui ana te mīhini servo.

Te Ratonga Tino Pai: Te Utu Whakapaipai me te Utu Whakahaere

Ko te utu mō te mīhini werohanga wai-hauora servo he 30–60% te nui ake i te mīhini tuku iho ōrite o te taumaha me te rahi o te pupuhi. Ko te utu tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaihanga mīhini, te kaiwhakarato pūnaha servo, me te whakatakotoranga o te mīhini. Mō te mīhini perehi 250-tana, ko te utu servo i te mākete o nāianei he pikinga rima-mati - he mea nui, engari ehara i te mea nui mō te kaiwhakahaere tipu e arotake ana i te hoko.

Ka whakahokia mai te moni tāpui mā roto i ngā penapena hiko. Hei whakatakoto i tētahi tau ki te utunga, e toru ngā whakaurunga e hiahiatia ana: ko ngā penapena hiko mō ia huringa, ko ngā huringa mō ia huringa, me te utu hiko. Ko ngā Vicksraina hua pūnaha servokua whirihorahia mō ngā pūnaha servo e hangai ana ki te papu-waka i runga i ngā tono whakakoi werohanga, me ngā penapena pūngao taumata-pūnaha i roto i te awhe kua whakaputaina. Mō tētahi mīhini 250-tana i runga i te huringa 25-hekona e rere ana i te 6,000 hāora ia tau (tata ki te rua-huringa tonu), ka taka te penapena hiko ā-tau ki roto i te awhe nui - he nui hei utu i te utu servo i roto i ngā marama 18-36 tuatahi o te mahi, i runga i te utu hiko ā-rohe.

Ngā Pūrongo KirihoumeHangarau Kirihoukua whakaputa i ngā raraunga rangahau maha-tau e whakaatu ana ko ngā mīhini servo-waipēhi te nuinga o ngā hoko perehi hou i roto i te awhe 50- ki te 800-tana puta noa i Amerika Te Raki, Ūropi, me Āhia ki te Rawhiti, me ngā perehi tikanga e herea ana ki ngā tono motuhake me ngā tono motuhake. Ko te nekehanga o te mākete he tohu o te pāngarau utu: mehemea kāore i whakahokia mai te utu servo i roto i te pae 3-tau, kua kore te mākete e neke.

Te Tiaki: Te Wāhi e Wehewehea ai ngā Pūnaha e Rua

E toru ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha tiaki servo-waipēhi e rerekē ana i te pūnaha perehi tikanga.

Tuatahi, he iti ake te tiaki o te motuka servo i te motuka whakapūngao he rite te mana — kāore he paraihe, kāore he mowhiti paheke, ā, kāore te rotor aukume tuturu e hiahia ki te iahiko whakaoho. He āhua tiaki anō tō te VFD (ngā pā whakamatao, ngā pūnga hikohiko me te roanga mahi o te 8–12 tau), engari kua hangaia ngā wāhanga hohe o te motuka mō te roanga mahi me te kore he tiaki kua whakaritea.

Tuarua, ka rere te papu waipēhi i roto i te pūnaha servo i te tere rerekē, ā, he iti iho te RPM toharite i te papu pumau i runga i te mīhini pēhi tikanga. Ko te tikanga o te RPM toharite iti ko te iti o te kakahu o te peera, te iti o te huringa wera, me te roa o te ora o te hiri. Ko ngā raraunga mara i whakaputaina eHangarau Hanga Pokepokeā, e whakaatu tonu ana ngā kaiwhakarato papu waipēhi he roa ake te ora o ngā papu vane i roto i te ratonga tere-rerekē i te papu vane kotahi i roto i te ratonga tere-pūmau i runga i tētahi pēhi rite.

Tuatoru, ka iti ake te rere tonu o te whakamatao hinu i runga i te mīhini pēhi servo-hydraulic nā te mea ka whakaitihia te tohatoha wera o te takirere taha-taha. Ka huri te hau whakamatao, te papu wai whakamatao rānei ki te whakaweto, ki te whakaweto rānei i runga i te pāmahana hinu tuturu, kaua ki te rere tonu. Ko te iti ake o te wā rere o te whakamatao he iti ake te tiaki i te whakamatao, ā, he iti ake te kukume hiko parataiao mai i te pūnaha whakamatao.

He rerekē, ko te mīhini pēhi tikanga he nui ake te pakaru o te pūkaha me te papu, he maha ake te whakakapinga hiri, ā, he nui ake te ahotea wera o te hinu e tere ake ai te waikura o te hinu, e whakapoto ana hoki i te wā whakawhiti hinu. I runga i te mīhini pēhi tikanga e toru ngā nekehanga, ko te wā whakawhiti hinu he 4,000 hāora te tikanga; i runga i te mīhini pēhi servo-waipēhi i runga i te huringa mahi kotahi, ka roa te wā ki te 6,000–8,000 hāora. He mea nui te utu hinu mō te matapihi 5-tau — ka taea e te mīhini pēhi 250-tana te pupuri i te 400–600 rita o te hinu waipēhi, ā, ko te hinu me te utu whakakorenga mō ia whakawhiti he taonga e whā-mati i roto i te maha o ngā mākete.

Te Haruru me te Taiao Mahi

Ka whakahaerehia e te mīhini perehi tikanga te motuka me te papu i te tere katoa, ka puta he waitohu oro pumau i te awhe 78–85 dB(A) i te teihana kaiwhakahaere. Ka heke te tere o te motuka me te papu e te mīhini perehi servo-waipiro i te wā e pupuri ana me te whakamatao ana, ka tino heke te takoha haruru mai i te pūnaha waipiro. Ka heke te haruru mīhini katoa ki te awhe 65–72 dB(A), koinei te rerekētanga i waenga i te taumata haruru e hiahia ana ki te tiaki taringa mō te whakaaturanga nekehanga katoa me te mea kei te paepae o te rohe ture.

Ehara te whakaiti i te haruru i te mea hei penapena utu tika, engari he painga tūturu i roto i ngā mākete he tino kaha ngā ture haruru mahi (EU OSH Directive 2003/10/EC, US OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95, China GBZ 2.2) ina hiahiatia he tiaki taringa mō ngā kaiwhakahaere e ngā mīhini perehi tuku iho. Ko te utu mō te tiaki taringa, te whakamātautau oro-tau, me te hanganga whakahaere haruru i runga i te papa o te wheketere kāore i te whakaarohia i roto i te tatau whakahokinga moni hiko anake - engari he utu tūturu i runga i te pae tawhiti e 5 tau te roa.

Te Tika me te Whakahokinga

He painga tika tō te pūnaha servo-waipēhi, kāore e puta tonu i roto i te tatau whakahokinga pūngao engari ka puta i roto i te tere para. Mā te whakahaere pēhanga porowhita-katia me te pūoko pēhanga me te papu tere-rerekē ka pupuri i te pēhanga kōhao i roto i te awhi piri ake i te pūnaha papu-pūmau me ngā takirere taurite. Mō ngā wāhanga ātete-piri - whatu, hauora, takai - mā te whakapai ake i te tere para anake ka taea te utu i te utu servo mō te pae tawhiti 5-tau, ahakoa te penapena pūngao.

Te Rōpū o ngā Kaihanga Kirihoue whakaputa ana i ngā pepa hangarau mō te tika o te hanga werohanga servo-hydraulic, tae atu ki te rerekētanga taumaha pere-ki-pere me ngā raraunga whakahokinga ā-ahu. He iti te painga tika kua whakaputaina mō ngā wāhanga he ngāwari te whakaroa (he whakahekenga 10–20% te nuinga o te wā i roto i te rerekētanga pere-ki-pere) ā, he whai tikanga mō ngā wāhanga manawanui-ki-piri (he whakahekenga 30–50%).

Te Wāhi e Toa Tonu ai te Waipēhi Tikanga

Kāore te mīhini pēhi waipēhi papu pumau tuku iho i te tawhito. E toru ngā momo whakamahinga e pai tonu ana ki tēnei mīhini.

• Ngā mīhini taumaha rawa (neke atu i te 1,500 tāne).Ka taurite te utu o te pūnaha servo ki te kaha o te motuka; i te taumaha tino teitei, ka nui rawa te utu servo tuturu kia roa ai te wā whakahoki. Ko ētahi tono taumaha motuhake e hiahia ana ki ngā āhuatanga urupare hihiri motuhake e kore e taea e te pūnaha tere-rerekē te tuku kia rite ki te ma o te pūnaha papu-pūmau me te kohikohi nui.
• Ngā tono mahi roa, mahi tonu.Mena kei te whakahaerehia e te mīhini perehi he huringa 90-hēkona i runga i tētahi wāhanga matotoru he roa te pupuri me te mahi tonu e toru-nekehanga, ka penapena tonu te mīhini servo i te pūngao engari ka whakahekehia ngā penapena mō tētahi maha iti ake o ngā huringa ia tau. Ka roa te wā whakahoki moni, ā, ka kaha ake te whakataetae o te mīhini tuku iho.
• Ngā whakaurunga e herea ana e te pūtea.Tērā pea he iti te tahua whakapaipai o tētahi tipu hiko, he poto hoki te wā haumitanga, ka whiriwhiria e ia te whakamahi i te tikanga noa i runga i te utu whakapaipai anake, inā koa he iti te utu hiko ā-rohe.

I tua atu i ēnei wāhanga e toru, ko te pūnaha servo-waipēhi te whiringa matua i runga i te utu katoa o te mana pupuri mō ngā tau e 5. E whakaū ana ngā raraunga mākete i tēnei: ​​ko te wāhanga servo o ngā whakaurunga perehi hou te nuinga puta noa i te nuinga o ngā rohe me te nuinga o ngā akomanga tana, haunga ngā tono motuhake tana teitei kua whakahuatia ake nei.

Te Hanga i te Pepa Mahi TCO Tau-5

E whā ngā wāhanga utu mō te whakataurite i te utu katoa o te mana pupuri mō ngā tau e rima i waenga i te mīhini servo-hydraulic me te mīhini pēhi tikanga: te whakapaipai, te pūngao, te tiaki, me te para/te wā kore mahi. He rerekē te tatau i ia mea.

Ko te utu whakapaipai ko te utu hoko o te mīhini me te tāutanga, te utu uta, te whakangungu, me te tono. Ko te utu servo ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te utu whakapaipai o ngā mīhini e rua.

Ko te utu pūngao ko te kWh tāpiri mō ngā tau e 5, ka whakareatia ki te utu hiko ā-rohe. Ko te penapena pūngao o te mīhini servo ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te pūngao pēhi tikanga me te pūngao pēhi servo i roto i taua wā anō.

Ko te utu tiaki ko te tapeke o ngā wāhanga me te mahi i roto i ngā tau e 5. Ko te tikanga, he iti ake te tiaki papu o te mīhini servo, he iti ake te auau whakawhiti hinu, ā, he iti ake te tiaki whakamatao. He nui ake te kakahu o te motuka me te papu i te mīhini tuku iho, ā, he nui ake te hinu e pau ana.

Ko te utu para me te utu wā kore mahi ko te uara o ngā wāhanga i parahia me te uara o te whakaputanga i ngaro i te wā kore mahi i whakaritea. He kaha ake te whakahaere pēhanga o te mīhini servo me te iti ake o te tere para; he nui ake te tere para o te mīhini tikanga i ngā wāhanga ātete-kikī engari kāore he ngoikoretanga i ngā wāhanga ātete-ngāwari.

Ko te penapena kupenga mō ngā tau e 5 o te mīhini servo ko te tapeke o ngā penapena pūngao me ngā penapena tiaki me ngā penapena para/wā kore mahi, me te tango i te utu servo. Mēnā he pai te hua, ka toa te mīhini servo. Mēnā he kino, ka toa te mīhini tikanga mō ngā tau e 5.

Te Anga Whakatau: E rima ngā Pātai hei Pātai i mua i te Tauwhāiti

Mō tētahi tāutanga motuhake, ka taea te whakaiti i te whakatau i waenga i te servo me te tikanga ki te rima ngā pātai.

1. He aha te āhua o te huringa?Ko te roa o te pupuri me te whakamatao e pai ake ana mō te servo. Ko ngā huringa poto me te nui o te rere puta noa e pai ake ana mō te tikanga tuku iho, te servo rānei, he iti noa te rerekētanga.
2. He aha te kaupapa mahi?Ka whakanui ake i te penapena hiko mā te mahi tonu i ngā huringa e toru. Ka whakaitihia te penapena hiko mā te mahi kotahi-wāhanga me ngā wā noho roa nā te mea ka mutu te mīhini perehi mō te nuinga o te rā.
3. He aha te utu hiko o te rohe?Mā ngā mākete utu nui (Ūropi, Hapani, te nuinga o Āhia ki te Rawhiti) ka tere ake te whakahokinga moni. Mā ngā mākete utu iti (ngā wāhanga o te Waenganui Rawhiti, Amerika ki te Raki me te nui o te hau māori) ka puhoi ake te whakahokinga moni.
4. He aha te manawanui wāhanga?Mā ngā wāhanga e ātete-kikī ana (hauora, whatu, ētahi takai) ka whakanui ake i te painga o te servo mā te whakaiti i te para. Mā ngā wāhanga e ātete-ngāwari ana ka whakakorea tēnei wāhanga o te penapena.
5. He aha te herenga whakapaipai?Mena kāore e taea te putea i te pire whakapaipai i te reiti tika, he mea nui te wā whakahoki moni ahakoa he pai te āhua o te ōhanga taumata kaupapa.

Mō tētahi pēhi 250-tana noa i runga i tētahi huringa 25-hēkona e whakahaere ana i ngā nekehanga e rua tonu i roto i tētahi mākete utu iti, ko te utu whakahoki kei roto i te awhe 18–36 marama. Mō tētahi pēhi 100-tana i runga i tētahi huringa 12-hēkona e whakahaere ana i te nekehanga kotahi i roto i tētahi mākete utu iti, ka roa pea te utu whakahoki ki te 4 tau, neke atu rānei. Ngā Vickspepa mahi utu kaupapae whakauru ana i ngā taurangi e rima, ā, ka puta he taunakitanga motuhake mō tētahi kaupapa.

Ngā Pātai Auau: Te Whakarewa Werohanga Waipēhi Tūturu me te Whakarewa Werohanga Waipēhi Tikanga