Aratohu Kōwhiringa Papu Waipēhi: Rārangi Arowhai 8-Hipanga me ngā Tātai Rahi

Papu vane raupapa PV2R mō ngā pūnaha waipēhi ahumahi” style=”width:100%;max-width:800px;height:auto;border-radius:6px;margin:0 0 28px;” />

Neke atu i te 80,000 ngā papu waipara kua hangaia e tā mātou wheketere i Ningbo i ia tau, ā, ka tīmata ia kōwhiringa me ngā tātai e rua e whakamahia ana e tā mātou tīma hangarau i ia rā.

I roto i tā mātou whare hanga i Ningbo, e ono ā mātou raina hanga e hanga ana i ngā papu vane neke atu i te 80,000 ia tau. Kua tukatukahia e tā mātou tīma hangarau ngā mano tini o ngā whakaritenga a te kaihoko, ā, ko te tauira rahi i raro nei te tīmatanga mō ia kōwhiringa ka mahia e mātou. Ka tohaina e mātou ki konei kia taea ai e ngā kaihoko te manatoko i a rātou anō i ā rātou whakaritenga i mua i te tuku mai i tētahi RFQ ki a mātou.

Ngā Tātai Rahi: Te Rere Rere me te Tātai Mana

Ka tīmata tā mātou tīma hangarau i tō mātou whare whakaputa me ngā raina whakaputa e ono i iaaratohu whiriwhiri papu waipēhikōrero me ngā tātai e rua. Nā te mea ka whakatauhia e ēnei tātai te nekehanga papu, te pēhanga whakahaere, me te mana motuka ka tautuhi i te whānuitanga mahi o tō pūnaha, mā te whakarite tika i a rātou i te wāhanga whakatakotoranga ka ārai i ngā hapa iti me te rahi rawa e kitea pinepinetia ana i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga a te kaihoko.

Ka tatau te tātai tuatahi i te papu e hiahiatia anatere rere:

Q (L/min) = V (cm³) × N (ngā whiu/min) ÷ 1000

Ko Q te rere e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā rita ia meneti, ko V te nekehanga o te rango, te nekeneke rānei o te motuka i roto i ngā henimita pūtoru, ā, ko N te maha o ngā whiu ia meneti (mō ngā rango) te tere hurihuri rānei i roto i te RPM (mō ngā motuka waipēhi). Mō ngā pūnaha he maha ngā kaiwhakaoho e mahi tahi ana, tāpirihia ngā whakaritenga rere takitahi ka tāpirihia te 10 ki te 20 ōrau mō ngā ngaronga pūnaha — te turuturu ā-roto puta noa i ngā āputa takirere, te rere taha i roto i ngā takirere whakamāmā pēhanga, me te whānui wera o te wai mahi. Ko ā mātou raraunga whakaputa mai i ā mātou putanga papu ā-tau 80,000+ e whakaatu ana ko te iti rawa o te tautuhi i ngā ngaronga pūnaha neke atu i te 15 ōrau te pūtake o te tata ki te 30 ōrau o ngā amuamu mahi mara.

Ka tatauhia e te tātai tuarua te mana puku e hiahiatia ana:

P (kW) = Q (L/min) × p (MPa) ÷ 60

Ko P te mana o te motuka e hiahiatia ana i roto i ngā kilowatt, ko Q te tere rere, ā, ko p te pēhanga mahi i roto i ngā megapascal. E whakaaro ana tēnei tātai he 100 ōrau te pai o te papu — i roto i te mahi, ka eke ā mātou papu vane ki te pai o te rōrahi o te 85 ki te 94 ōrau i runga i te pēhanga me te tere, nō reira ko te mana e hiahiatia ana ko P wehea e te tauwehe pai. Mō te papu e tuku ana i te 80 L/min i te 14 MPa me te pai o te 90 ōrau: P = 80 × 14 ÷ 60 ÷ 0.90 = 20.7 kW. Ka whakaratohia e tā mātou tīma hangarau ngā ānau pai mō ia tauira papu, kua tuhia ki te pēhanga me te tere, kia taea ai e ngā kaihoko te tatau i te hiahia mana tika mō tā rātou wāhi mahi.

Mā te wheako whakaputa puta noa i ngā raina hua e ono ka mārama mātou ki te hangarau papu e tika ana mō tēhea tono. Anei tā mātou whakataurite.

Vane vs Gear vs Piston: Ripanga Whakataurite

Ko ngā hangarau papu e toru e mahi tahi ana mātou —wīra, taputapu, me te piston — he takai mahi tō ia mea e kaha ai rātou. Nā te mea ko tā mātou whare whakaputa anake e hanga ana i ngā papu vane (me te 6 ngā raina whakaputa me te 80,000+ ngā waeine ia tau), he tino tohungatanga tō mātou ki te whakataurite i ngā whakatakotoranga papu vane ki ngā tono. Anei tā mātou ripanga whakatairite:

Papu Vane (tō mātou tohungatanga):Te awhe pēhanga 7 ki te 21 MPa. Te awhe rere 5 ki te 450 L/min. Te taumata haruru 62 ki te 68 dB(A) i te 1500 RPM.Te whai huatanga o te rōrahi85 ki te 94 ōrau. He taurite te manawanui ki te poke (ISO 4406akomanga 18/16/13). Utu waenga. Ngā whakamahinga noa: te whakakoi werohanga, ngā mīhini pēhi, te urungi moana, ngā waipēhi ahumahi.

Papu Taputapu:Te awhe pēhanga 3 ki te 25 MPa (waho), 3 ki te 10 MPa (ā-roto). Te awhe rere 1 ki te 300 L/min. Te taumata haruru 70 ki te 80 dB(A). Te pai o te rōrahi 75 ki te 90 ōrau. He nui te ātete ki te poke. He iti te utu. Ngā whakamahinga noa: taputapu nekeneke, pūnaha whakahinuhinu, ara iahiko māmā.

Papu Piston:Te awhe pēhanga 21 ki te 70 MPa. Te awhe rere 5 ki te 1000 L/min. Te taumata haruru 75 ki te 90 dB(A). Te pai o te rōrahi 90 ki te 98 ōrau. He iti te manawanui ki te poke (ISO 4406 akomanga 16/14/11, pai ake rānei). He nui te utu. Ngā whakamahinga noa: ngā mīhini pēhanga teitei, te whakakoi werohanga (teitei), ngā taputapu whakamātautau, te rererangi.

Ka tīmata te whakatau whiriwhiri me ngā whakaritenga pēhanga me te rere. Mena kei raro iho i te 21 MPa te mahi a tō pūnaha, ā, kāore e hiahiatia te tino pai o te mahi, hepapu vaneKa tukuna e mātou te taurite pai rawa atu o te haruru, te whai huatanga, te utu, me te manawanui ki te poke. Ka hipokina e tā mātou raupapa PV2R te nuinga o ngā tono papu vane ahumahi, me ngā whirihoranga papu kotahi me te rua me ngā waehere nekehanga mai i te 6 ki te 237 cm³/hurihuri.

E whakamahia ana e tā mātou tīma hangarau tēnei rārangi arowhai e waru ngā taahiraa mō ia whakaritenga a te kaihoko. Nā te mea he rerekē te momo hapa e mau ana i ia taahiraa, ka whakahaerehia e mātou ngā waru katoa i mua i te whakahua i te utu.

Te Rārangi Arowhai Kōwhiringa Papu 8-Hipanga

E whakamahia ana e tā mātou tīma hangarau tēnei rārangi arowhai e 8 ngā taahiraa ina aromatawaihia ana ngā whakaritenga a te kaihoko. Nā te mea ka kitea e ia taahiraa he momo hapa whakaritenga rerekē, mā te karo i tētahi taahiraa ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te rahunga o te mara, ngā kereme whakamana, te whakakapinga o te papu rānei i mua i te wā.

Hipanga 1: Tautuhia te tere rere e hiahiatia ana.Whakamahia te tātai Q = V × N ÷ 1000 hei tatau i te rere ā-arotake, kātahi ka tāpirihia he 10 ki te 20 ōrau mō ngā mate pūnaha. Ka hipokina e tā mātou raupapa PV2R ngā waehere rere mai i te 6 ki te 237 cm³/hurihuri — taurite te waehere nekehanga ki tō rere i tatauhia i te tere motuka whainga.

Hipanga 2: Tautuhia te pēhanga mahi.Tāutuhia te pēhanga mahi tonu mōrahi me te pēhanga tihi (wā poto). Ka whakatauria ā mātou papu vane mō ngā pēhanga tonu tae atu ki te 17.5 MPa (raupapa PV2R) 21 MPa rānei (ABTraupapa), me ngā pēhanga tihi 20 ki te 25 ōrau i runga ake i te tonu. Tauwhāitihia ngā uara e rua i roto i tō ota hoko.

Hipanga 3: Tīpakohia te momo papu.Whakamahia tā mātou ripanga whakatairite i runga ake nei. Mō te nuinga o ngā tono ahumahi e mahi ana i te 7 ki te 21 MPa, ko tā mātou whānuitanga papu vane e whakarato ana i te taurite tino pai. Mō ngā tono i runga ake i te 21 MPa, whakaarohia ngā papu piston. Mō ngā tono māmā, iti te utu i raro iho i te 10 MPa, tera pea he pai ake te ohanga o ngā papu taputapu.

Hipanga 4: Tirohia te awhe tere.Ka tino pai te mahi a ā mātou papu vane i te 600 ki te 1800 RPM. Mēnā kei raro iho i te 600 RPM te mahi, ka whakaitihia te pai o te rōrahi (kāore e ranea te kaha porowhita hei hiri i ngā vane ki te mowhiti cam). Mēnā kei runga ake i te 1800 RPM te mahi, ka tere ake te pakaru o te pito vane, ā, ka nui ake te haruru. Whakatauritehia te tere o te papu ki tō motuka, ki te tere taraiwa rānei mā te hononga tika, te whakaiti whitiki/taputapu rānei.

Hipanga 5: Manatokohia te hototahitanga o te wai.Kua hangaia ā mātou papu waipara paerewa mō ngā wai waipēhi e ahu mai ana i te kohuke (ISO VG 32, 46, 68 rānei). Mō ngā wai hanga, wai-glycol, wai pirau-koiora rānei, tohua te momo wai i roto i tō ota — ka whakaratohia e mātou he rauemi hiri hototahi (FKMmō ngā wai hangai,EPDMmō te wai-glycol) me ngā rauemi vane mō ngā pāpāho kore-paerewa.

Hipanga 6: Tātaihia te mana o te puku.Whakamahia te P = Q × p ÷ 60 ÷ η (ko η te whai huatanga o te papu mai i ā mātou ānau putumōhio). Kōwhiria he motuka me te tawhē mana 10 ki te 15 ōrau i runga ake i te uara kua tatauhia hei whakahaere i ngā taumahatanga rangitahi me ngā āhuatanga tīmatanga makariri.

Hipanga 7: Tauwhāitihia te tāutanga me te whakawhiti.Kei te wātea ā mātou papu i roto i te flangete whakairinga(SAE A, B, C, D), te whakairinga waewae, me ngā whirihoranga puta noa i te puku. Ka whai ngā hononga tauranga i ngā paerewa SAE me BSPP. Tauwhāitihia te momo whakairinga, te ahunga hurihuri o te pou (CW, CCW, whakahurihuri rānei), me ngā rahi tauranga i roto i tō ota.

Hipanga 8: Tautuhia te huringa mahi me te taiao.Tauwhāitihia ngā hāora mahi e tumanakohia ana mō ia rā, te maha o ngā huringa mahi mō ia hāora, te awhe pāmahana taiao, me ngā āhuatanga taiao katoa (moana, o waho, rūma ma, rohe morearea). Ka hipokina e ā mātou papu whaimana CCS/DNV/ABS/BV/LR ngā tono moana; ka hipokina e ā mātou papu ahumahi paerewa te nuinga o ngā taiao wheketere.

I ahu mai ā mātou raraunga whakaheke wera i ā mātou whakamātautau taiwhanga puta noa i ngā tauira papu katoa. Nā te mea ka pā te pāmahana ki ngā pūnaha waipēhi katoa, ka whakamahia e ā mātou kaihangarau ēnei whakatikatika ki ngā whakatakotoranga mahi tonu katoa.

Te Whakahekenga o te Pēhanga me te Pāmahana

Ka whakawhirinaki te mahi a te papu waipēhi ki te pāmahana nā te mea ka heke te matotoru o te wai i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka piki ake te turuturu o roto, ā, ka whakaiti i te pai o te rōrahi. Ko tā mātou tikanga tango-whakaiti paerewa: ka whakaitihia te pēhanga tonu kua whakatauria mā te 10 ōrau mō ia 15 nekehanga Celsius i runga ake i te pāmahana tohutoro o te 50 nekehanga. Mō te papu kua whakatauria i te 17.5 MPa i te 50 nekehanga, ko te pēhanga kua whakatauria i te 65 nekehanga ko te 15.75 MPa, i te 80 nekehanga ko te 14 MPa, ā, i te 95 nekehanga ko te 12.25 MPa.

Ka whakamahia e ā mātou papu vane raupapa T6/T7 he hanganga vane bilabian e pupuri ana i te whai huatanga o te hiri puta noa i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui atu i ngā vane ngutu-kotahi tuku iho. Nā te mea e rua ngā pūwāhi hiri e hangaia ana e te hoahoa bilabian mō ia vane, ka haurua te hekenga pēhanga puta noa i ia pūwāhi hiri, ka whakaitihia te turuturu ahakoa he iti te matotoru. I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau pāmahana-tiketike (80 nekehanga tonu, 14 MPa), ka pupuri te raupapa T7B i te whai huatanga rōrahi neke atu i te 88 ōrau — 3 ki te 5 ngā pūwāhi ōrau teitei ake i ngā hoahoa vane ngutu-kotahi i ngā āhuatanga ōrite.

Mō ngā kaihoko e mahi ana i ngā taiao tīmatanga makariri (i raro i te 0 nekehanga Celsius), kei roto i ā mātou papu vane he āhuatanga tīmatanga pāmahana iti: kua hangaia te mowhiti cam me ngā ātete vane hei whakauru i te matotoru teitei o te wai makariri me te kore e herea, ka taea ai te tīmatanga pono i te -20 nekehanga me te wai ISO VG 32. Ka whakaratohia e tā mātou tīma hangarau he ānau taipana tīmatanga makariri mō ia tauira papu, e āhei ai ngā kaihoko ki te rahi tika i ā rātou motuka taraiwa mō ngā āhuatanga hotoke.

Ngā Tikanga Pai mō te Tāutanga o ngā Papu Vane

Kua tuhia e tā mātou tīma hangarau ngā hapa tāutanga tino noa e arahi ana ki te pakaru wawe o te papu. Nā te mea he pānga tika te kounga tāutanga ki te roa o te papu — ka taea e te hononga hē te whakaiti i te roa o te peera mā te 50 ōrau — ka whakaratohia e mātou he aratohu tāutanga mō ia tuku papu.

Te whakarite i te porowhita.Me whakarite hononga i roto i te 0.05 mm te tawhiti katoa o te oma tohu (TIR) ​​i te atanga hononga i ā mātou papu vane. Nā te mea ka puta he kawenga whāriki porohita ka tere ake te pakaru o te hononga ina he te whakarite, ka tūtohu mātou i ngā taputapu whakarite taiaho mō ngā whakaurunga neke atu i te 7.5 kW te mana motuka. Mō ngā whakaurunga iti ake, ka whakaaetia te whakarite tohu mata mena ka ata mahia.

Te hoahoa o te raina momi.Me whai tere te aho momi i raro i te 1.5 mita ia hekona ā mātou papu, me te hiki momi i raro i te 0.5 mita (he pai ake te pane pai). Nā te meate pokanga— te hanganga me te hinganga o ngā mirumiru kohu i roto i te raina momi — ka whakangaro i ngā pito o te vane me ngā mata o te mowhiti cam i roto i ngā hāora, ka tohua e tā mātou tīma whakaputa he diameter raina momi iti rawa 25 ōrau te nui ake i te putanga whakauru papu. Ka whakaratohia e tā mātou tīma hangarau ngā tataunga rahi raina momi mō ia tauira papu.

Te horoi o te wai.Ka taea e ā mātou papu vane te whakamanawanui i te ma o te wai ISO 4406 akomanga 18/16/13, engari ka tūtohu mātou i te akomanga 16/14/11 mō te roa o te ora o te vane me te peera. Nā te mea ko te poke te tino take o ngā pakaru o te pūnaha waipēhi puta noa i te ao, ka tohua e mātou he tātari raina whakahoki 10-micron hei paerewa me te tātari raina pēhanga 3-micron mō ngā tono neke atu i te 14 MPa. Mā te hoahoa kete kātere ka taea te whakakapi i ngā vane kua poke me te kore e tango i te papu mai i te mīhini.

Tautoko Whai muri i te Hokohoko me te Whakakapinga Kete Kāri

Ko tā mātou tauira tautoko ā-muri i hangaia i runga i te mooni me whakakapi ngā wāhanga o roto mō ngā papu vane e mahi tonu ana. Nā te mea ka wehea e tā mātou hoahoa kete kātere whakaputa ngā mea pakaru (ngā vane, te mowhiti cam, ngā pereti taha) mai i te whare papu me te pou, ka iti iho i te 1 hāora te roa o te tukanga whakakapinga — ki te whakaritea ki te 4 ki te 6 hāora mō te whakakapinga papu katoa.

Ka tukuna atu ā mātou kete kātereti kua oti te huihui me te whakamātautau mai i tō mātou wheketere i Ningbo, kua rite mō te tāutanga. Nā te mea kei a mātou ngā kete kātereti mō ngā tauira papu hohe katoa, ko te wā tuku mō ngā kete whakakapinga he 3 ki te 7 ngā rā mahi mō ngā taonga kei roto i te taonga, me te 15 ki te 25 ngā rā mō ngā whirihoranga ritenga. Ka hipokina e tā mātou whakamana 12-marama ngā kete kātereti i raro i ngā tikanga ōrite ki ngā papu katoa — ngā hapa hanga i raro i ngā tikanga whakahaere tika.

Mō ngā kaihoko e whakahaere ana i ngā waka nui o ngā taputapu waipēhi, ka tukuna e mātou he kaupapa tiaki ārai: i runga i ō hāora mahi me te huringa mahi, ka tatauhia e tā mātou tīma hangarau te tere pakaru o te vane e tumanakohia ana, ā, ka tūtohu i tētahi kaupapa whakakapinga kete kātere. Nā te mea he iti noa te utu o te whakakapinga o tētahi kete kātere i mua i te pakaru o te pūwero i te wā kore mahi i puta mai i te pakaru ohorere o te papu, ka whakaitihia e tā mātou kaupapa tiaki te utu katoa o te mana whakahaere mā te 20 ki te 30 ōrau i roto i te wā 5-tau.

Kei te wātea tā mātou tīma hangarau i Ningbo ki te matapaki i ō whakaritenga tono motuhake, me te taunaki i te tauira papu vane tino pai, te waehere nekehanga, me te whirihoranga mō tō pūnaha waipēhi. Whakapā mai mā roto i tā mātouwhārangi tautoko hangaraumō tētahi pūrongo kōwhiringa papu kua whakaritea.