Ngingakuhlola Kanjani Ukusebenza Kahle Kwephampu Yegiya Le-Hydraulic Ngaphambi Kokuthenga?

• Ukusebenza kahle kumele kwahlulelwe ngengcindezi yokusebenza yangempela, isivinini, kanye nokushisa kukawoyela, hhayi nje esihlokweni sekhathalogi.
• Ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu kuvame ukwehla njengoba ingcindezi ikhuphuka ngoba ukuvuza kwangaphakathi kuyanda, ngakho idatha yokuhlola ezindaweni eziningi zokulayisha ibalulekile.
• Uma uthenga okunye, ukuhambisana, ukulingana komgodi, ukuthutha, kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi kungabalulekile kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
• Ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukulethwa okusheshayo, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele kunciphisa ingozi yomjikelezo wokuphila ngaphezu kokuzuza okuncane kokusebenza kahle kwephepha.
• Sebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ezijwayelekile kanye nama-curve esicelo, hhayi inombolo eyodwa yokusebenza kahle.

Ukusebenza kahle kwephampu yegiya le-hydraulic kuyisihlungi esiyinhloko sabathengi abadinga ukugeleza okuthembekile, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa okuphansi, kanye nokusebenza komshini okubikezelwayo, ikakhulukazi ekubunjweni komjovo, imishini ehambayo, kanye namayunithi kagesi ezimboni. Ngokwezwi elingokoqobo, iphampu engagcina umkhiqizo uzinzile kulo lonke uhla lokusebenza ivame ukuba yigugu kakhulu kuneyodwa ekhangisa isibalo esiphezulu sethiyori kuphela endaweni encane. Izindlela zokuhlola ze-ISO zisiza ukwenza ukuqhathanisa kube okulungile, kuyilapho ukwamukelwa kwezwe langempela kuncike ekutheni iphampu ingaqhubeka yini nokugeleza okudingekayo kanye nengcindezi ngaphandle kokuvuza ngokweqile, umsindo, noma ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Kubathengi abahlola ukushintshwa noma ukuthuthukiswa, indlela engcono kakhulu ukuqhathanisa ukufuduka okulinganiselwe, isigaba sokucindezela, kanye nama-curve okusebenza kahle, bese uhlola ukulingana komshini ngokumelene nepulatifomu yakho yomshini ekhona.

Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukusebenza kahle kwephampu yegiya le-hydraulic

Ukusebenza kahle kuyinhlanganisela yokuthi amandla okufaka angakanani aba usizo ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydraulic nokuthi kungakanani okulahlekile njengokushisa, ukuvuza, kanye nokungqubuzana.

Ngokwabathengi, iphampu yegiya le-hydraulic ingabonakala iqinile ephepheni kodwa iqhubeke nokusebenza kabi uma uwoyela ushisa kakhulu, i-viscosity ingalungile, noma umshini uchitha isikhathi sawo esiningi ulayisha ingxenye. Izendlalelo ezintathu zokusebenza kahle ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphelele. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric kulinganisa ukuthi kungakanani ukuvuza okunciphisa ukugeleza okulethwayo; ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kulinganisa ukuthi kungakanani i-torque elahlekile ngaphakathi kweqembu elijikelezayo; ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kuhlanganisa kokubili. Kubathengi abaningi, iphutha elikhulu ukuqhathanisa iphampu endaweni eyodwa yokuhlola efanele esikhundleni semvilophu yokusebenza lapho umshini usebenza khona ngempela.

Ukuze kuqhathaniswe ukusebenza okujwayelekile,I-ISO 4409ichaza izindlela zokunquma ukusebenza kwephampu ye-hydraulic kanye nenjini, okubalulekile ngoba isivinini, ingcindezi, kanye nokushisa konke kuthinta umphumela. Ekuthengeni, lokhu kubaluleke ngaphezu kwesimangalo sencwajana elula ngoba amaphampu amabili anokufuduka okufanayo angaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu uma esefakiwe.

Indlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwephampu yegiya ngaphambi kokuthenga

Indlela yokuthenga ephephile kakhulu ukuqhathanisa idatha yokusebenza elinganisiwe, hhayi ulimi lokumaketha.

Qala ngokucela ijika lephampu ekucindezelweni kwesistimu okulindelekile kanye nokushisa koketshezi. Umhlinzeki omuhle kufanele anikeze ukufuduka, ingcindezi elinganisiwe, ububanzi besivinini, kanye nedatha yokusebenza kahle, okungcono kakhulu ngezimo zokuhlola ezishiwo ngokucacile. Uma iphampu ihloselwe ukushintshwa, qinisekisa ukuthi iyunithi yokuqala yayiyipulatifomu ejwayelekile ehambisana neVickers, Denison, Yuken, Tokimec, noma iRexroth nokuthi iphampu entsha ifana nesixhumi esifanayo. Yilapho i-matrix yomkhiqizo ingasiza abathengi ukuthi bahlole izinketho ezifana naleziamaphampu e-vane, ama-motor e-hydraulic, futhiizinhlelo ze-servonjengengxenye yesekethe ephelele esikhundleni sokuphatha iphampu njengengxenye ezimele.

1. Qinisekisa ukufuduka okudingekayo ku-cm3/rev kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza ku-MPa noma kubha.
2. Hlola ifasitela lesivinini kanye nokuthamba kwamafutha okulindelekile ekushiseni kokusebenza.
3. Cela ama-curve okusebenza kahle, hhayi nje inani lokusebenza kahle elijwayelekile.
4. Qinisekisa izimo zokungena ukuze ugweme ukucasuka kanye nokuguguleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
5. Qondanisa i-flange yokufaka, i-shaft, uhlobo lwe-port, kanye nesiqondiso sokujikeleza.
6. Buza ukuthi izingxenye ezisele, ama-cartridge kit, noma izingxenye zokulungisa ziyatholakala yini ukuze kuqhubeke isevisi.

Kubathengi emakethe yokushintsha, ukushintshana okusheshayo kungaba yisici esibalulekile. Iphampu efanela umshini omdala ngaphandle kokushintsha umugqa we-manifold noma we-shaft ivame ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngokuphelele ngaphezu kokuzuza okuncane ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu. Yingakho abasebenzisi abaningi bezimboni beqhathanisa izinketho zokushintsha eziphelele, hhayi nje isici sephampu uqobo.

Ukusebenza kahle kwephampu yegiya le-hydraulic kanye nezinombolo ezibalulekile

Ingcindezi, isivinini, kanye nokushisa yizinto ezintathu ezishintsha kakhulu ukusebenza kwephampu yangempela.

Ekwakhiweni okusebenzayo kwe-hydraulic, iphampu yegiya esebenza ngomfutho ophezulu ivame ukubonisa ukuvuza kwangaphakathi okwengeziwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isivinini esiphansi kakhulu singanciphisa ukuzinza kokuthambisa, kuyilapho isivinini esikhulu kakhulu singandisa umsindo nokuguguleka uma indawo yokungena ingaklanywanga kahle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinqumo zokuthenga kufanele zisebenzise umjikelezo wangempela womsebenzi womshini, hhayi iphuzu elilodwa elilinganisiwe. Abathengi kufanele futhi bahumushe noma yisiphi isimangalo sokusebenza kahle ngokubheka amazinga okuhlola kanye nomongo wesistimu, ngoba ukulahlekelwa kwangempela kokufakwa kungahluka emiphumeleni yebhentshi.

I-ISO 4409 iwusizo ngoba ilinganisa indlela ukusebenza kwephampu kanye nenjini okunqunywa ngayo, futhi lokho kwenza ukuqhathanisa kuthembeke kakhulu kubaphakeli. Ukuze kube nokulingana kobukhulu kanye neyunithi, abathengi kufanele futhi banake izimiso zokulinganisa ezivelaIsiqondiso seyunithi ye-NIST SI, ikakhulukazi lapho kuguqulwa phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-cubic ngokujikeleza ngakunye, amalitha ngomzuzu, kanye namagaloni ngomzuzu. Ukungafani kwamayunithi kungenza ipompo ibonakale inkulu noma isebenza kahle kakhulu kunalokho eyikho ngempela.

Lokho okufanele kunikezwe yiphampu yegiya esebenza kahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela

Ukusebenza okuphezulu kusho umkhiqizo ozinzile, ukuphakama kokushisa okwamukelekayo, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside ngaphansi komjikelezo wangempela womsebenzi.

Ekubunjweni komjovo, isibonelo, ipompo engakwazi ukugcina ukugeleza okuzinzile ngesikhathi semicimbi yokubamba kanye nokujova ingadala ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi, isikhathi somjikelezo esingaguquki, kanye nokuchitha amandla. Emishinini ehambayo, ukumelana nokudlidliza kanye nokubekezelela ukungcola kungabaluleka njengokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke abathengi kufanele babheke inhlanganisela yokusebenza kahle, ukuthembeka, kanye nokugcinwa esikhundleni sokuphishekela i-metric eyodwa ehlukanisiwe. Uma umhlinzeki enganikeza uchungechunge oluhambisana nokufakwa esikhundleni, lokho kuvame ukufinyeza isikhathi sokusebenza futhi kuvikele imishini yakudala ekuvalweni isikhathi eside.

Uma uhlola iphampu efanelekayo, buza ukuthi umhlinzeki angakwazi yini ukusekela ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele nezingxenye zesevisi njenge-izingxenye ze-hydraulicikhathalogi noma ikhathalogiizingxenyeikhasi elinamakhithi ekhatriji kanye nezingxenye zokuguga. Kubathengi abagcina imishini emidala, lokho kusekelwa kungabaluleka njengephampu uqobo ngoba iphampu esebenza kahle kodwa ukutholakala okuncane kwezingxenye ezisele kuvame ukudala izindleko eziphezulu zomjikelezo wokuphila.

• Umsindo ophansi kanye nokukhishwa okuzinzile ngesivinini esilinganiselwe.
• Ukusebenza kahle okubikezelwayo kulo lonke ibhendi yokucindezela yokusebenza.
• Ukuhambisana ne-geometry yokukhweza kanye ne-shaft ekhona.
• Ukutholakala kwezingxenye zesevisi zezinto ezigugile kanye nama-cartridge.
• Amadokhumenti okuhlola acacile kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okulandelelekayo.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa lezimo ezivamile zabathengi

Ukukhetha iphampu engcono kakhulu kuncike ekutheni uthenga ukuze uyishintshe, wonge amandla, noma wakhe uhlelo olusha.

Kumasistimu aqhutshwa yi-servo, iphampu kufanele ihlolwe njengengxenye yephakheji yamandla aphelele, hhayi yodwa. Ukufaniswa kwe-Servo kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-throttling ngoba isivinini semoto silandela isidingo eduze kakhulu kunesistimu yesivinini esinqunyiwe. Yingakho abathengi abaningi ekubunjweni komjovo becela i-fullizixazululo zokufanisa i-servoukubuyekezwa ngaphambi kokuthenga. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi okulungisa kabusha, iphampu iyingcezu eyodwa kuphela yesibalo sokonga; isu lokushayela, i-logic yokulawula, kanye nephrofayili yokusebenza ngokuvamile kuyizinto ezibangela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kokugcina.

Izindinganiso, ukuhlolwa, nokuthi idatha ethembekile ibukeka kanjani

Idatha yepompo ethembekile kufanele ifake izimo zokuhlola, indlela yokulinganisa, kanye nendinganiso yokubhekisela engaphindwaphindwa.

Uma umhlinzeki enikeza iphesenti elilodwa lokusebenza kahle ngaphandle kwesivinini, ingcindezi, noma izinga lokushisa likawoyela, inani alisizi kakhulu esinqumweni sokuthenga. Izindlela zokuhlola ze-ISO zinciphisa ukungaqondakali, futhi lokho kubalulekile ekutholeni umhlaba wonke lapho izingxenye ezilinganayo zokufaka esikhundleni zingavela ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Abathengi kufanele futhi babuze ukuthi ngabe iphampu ifanelekile yini ngaphansi kwemikhuba yekhwalithi eyaziwayo kanye nemibhalo yokuthumela ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi uma uhlelo lokusebenza luhlobene nemishini yezimboni, ukusetshenziswa okuseduze kwezempi, noma imigqa yokukhiqiza elawulwayo.

Iphakheji yokwamukela ewusizo kufanele ifake phakathi ukufuduka okulinganiselwe, isilinganiso sokucindezela, ijika lokusebenza kahle, idatha yomsindo uma ikhona, kanye nomdwebo wobukhulu. Uma uthenga kuzo zonke izinhlobo, izimangalo zokuhambisana kufanele zisekelwe yimephu yochungechunge, hhayi nje izitatimende ezijwayelekile. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokufaka esikhundleni lungase lumboze ukufakwa okudala kwesitayela se-Vickers noma se-Denison ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukwakheka komshini wokuqala. Kulowo mongo, inani alikho nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwephampu uqobo, kodwa futhi nekhono lokuthola ingxenye efanele ngokushesha.

Kubathengi abadinga isiqinisekiso somjikelezo wokuphila, isignali engcono kakhulu umhlinzeki ongasekela amayunithi amasha kanye nezingxenye ezigugile. Yingakho inhlanganisela yamaphampu, ama-motor, nezingxenye zesevisi ivame ukuba wusizo kakhulu kunekhasi elilodwa lomkhiqizo.

Amaphutha avamile lapho kubhekwa ukusebenza kahle kwephampu yegiya le-hydraulic

Amaphutha amaningi okuthenga enzeka ngoba iphampu ihlolwa ngaphandle komongo wangempela womshini.

• Ukuqhathanisa izinombolo zekhathalogi ngaphandle kokuhlola izimo zokuhlola.
• Ukunganaki ukujiya koketshezi kanye nokushisa kokusebenza.
• Ukukhetha iphampu kuphela ngokucindezela okuphezulu kunomjikelezo womsebenzi.
• Ukubuka izimo zokungena kanye nomklamo womugqa wokumunca.
• Ukweqa ukutholakala kwezingxenye kanye nokusekelwa kwensizakalo.

Iphutha elivamile ukucabanga ukuthi ukufuduka okukhulu kuhlale kusho ukusebenza okungcono. Eqinisweni, iphampu enkulu ingandisa ukusetshenziswa kokushisa namandla uma umshini ungadingi ukugeleza okwengeziwe. Elinye iphutha elivamile ukuthenga ngentengo kuphela, bese uthola ukuthi iyunithi yokufaka esikhundleni idinga ukuvuselelwa kwamachweba noma ukulungisa umgodi. Kubathengi bezimboni, lezo zindleko ezifihliwe zivame ukwedlula umehluko wentengo yokuqala.

Lokho abathengi okufanele bakucele ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda

Uhlu lokuhlola oluphelele ngaphambi kokuthenga lunciphisa ubungozi futhi luthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuqhathanisa.

1. Ijika lokusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zangempela.
2. Ingcindezi elinganisiwe, ingcindezi ephezulu, kanye nobubanzi besivinini.
3. Ukudweba kokufaka kanye nokuhambisana komgodi.
4. Izincomo zikawoyela kanye nemikhawulo yokushisa.
5. Ukutholakala kwezingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni kanye nezinsiza zokulungisa.
6. Isikhathi sokuhola, amadokhumenti okuhlola, kanye namaphepha okuthumela ngaphandle.

Uma iphrojekthi yakho ihilela umshini omdala, cela isincomo esiqondile sokushintsha kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuhambisana. Lokho kuyasiza kakhulu uma umgomo uwukushintsha amayunithi amadala ngenkathi ugcina ukwakheka komshini okukhona kungashintshi. Kubathengi abasebenzisa umthamo omkhulu, isikhathi sokulethwa, izingxenye ezisele, kanye nezixhumi ezijwayelekile kungabaluleka njengejika lokusebenza kahle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngiziqhathanisa kanjani kahle amaphampu amabili egiya le-hydraulic?

Ziqhathanise ngokucindezela okufanayo, isivinini, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-viscosity kawoyela, bese ubuyekeza ijika eliphelele lokusebenza kahle esikhundleni senani elilodwa.

Yisiphi isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle esibaluleke kakhulu kubathengi?

Ukusebenza kahle sekukonke kuvame ukuba yindlela eyodwa ewusizo kakhulu ngoba ibonisa kokubili ukulahlekelwa kwe-hydraulic kanye nokwemishini.

Ingabe ukucindezela okuphezulu njalo kusho ukusebenza kahle okuphansi?

Hhayi njalo, kodwa ukucindezela okuphezulu kuvame ukwandisa ukuvuza kwangaphakathi nokushisa, okunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphelele.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe iphampu ngokuyisusa kuphela?

Cha, ukufuduka kumele kuhambisane nesigaba sokucindezela, ububanzi besivinini, izimo zokungena, kanye ne-geometry yokufaka.

Kungani i-ISO 4409 iwusizo lapho uthenga amaphampu?

Ilinganisa izindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza, okwenza ukuqhathanisa kwabahlinzeki kube okuthembekile kakhudlwana.

Kunini lapho ukuhambisana kokufaka esikhundleni kubaluleke kakhulu kunokusebenza kahle okuphezulu?

Uma umshini usuvele ufakiwe kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi, umsebenzi wokufaka, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye kunomthelela omkhulu wezindleko kunenzuzo encane yokusebenza kahle.

Yini okufanele ngiyicele uma ngidinga ikhambi elilula ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezisele?

Buza ukuthi umhlinzeki unikeza yini amakhithi ekhatriji, izingxenye zokuguga, kanye namadokhumenti esevisi ochungechungeni olufanayo.